Instruments and Measurement Techniques to Assess Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation and selection framework for extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) measurement instruments. Recognizing the diversity of application environments and technical constraints, the framework addresses the challenges of selecting appropriate...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4866 |
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| author | Phoka C. Rathebe Mota Kholopo |
| author_facet | Phoka C. Rathebe Mota Kholopo |
| author_sort | Phoka C. Rathebe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study presents a comprehensive evaluation and selection framework for extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) measurement instruments. Recognizing the diversity of application environments and technical constraints, the framework addresses the challenges of selecting appropriate tools for specific scenarios. It integrates a structured, quantitative approach through a weighted scoring matrix that evaluates instrumentation across six criteria: monitoring duration, sensitivity, environmental adaptability, biological/regulatory relevance, usability, and cost. Complementing this is a logic-based flowchart that visually guides decision-making based on user-defined operational needs. The framework is applied to a realistic occupational case study, demonstrating its effectiveness in producing evidence-based, scenario-sensitive instrument recommendations. This method provides stakeholders with a transparent and adaptable tool for ELF-EMF device selection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-56fddbc128ed414da199d2e05af59d29 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-56fddbc128ed414da199d2e05af59d292025-08-20T03:04:43ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-08-012515486610.3390/s25154866Instruments and Measurement Techniques to Assess Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic FieldsPhoka C. Rathebe0Mota Kholopo1Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South AfricaDepartment of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South AfricaThis study presents a comprehensive evaluation and selection framework for extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) measurement instruments. Recognizing the diversity of application environments and technical constraints, the framework addresses the challenges of selecting appropriate tools for specific scenarios. It integrates a structured, quantitative approach through a weighted scoring matrix that evaluates instrumentation across six criteria: monitoring duration, sensitivity, environmental adaptability, biological/regulatory relevance, usability, and cost. Complementing this is a logic-based flowchart that visually guides decision-making based on user-defined operational needs. The framework is applied to a realistic occupational case study, demonstrating its effectiveness in producing evidence-based, scenario-sensitive instrument recommendations. This method provides stakeholders with a transparent and adaptable tool for ELF-EMF device selection.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4866ELF-EMFsinstrumentationshort-term monitoringlong-term measurementshealth and safety standardsSQUID |
| spellingShingle | Phoka C. Rathebe Mota Kholopo Instruments and Measurement Techniques to Assess Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Sensors ELF-EMFs instrumentation short-term monitoring long-term measurements health and safety standards SQUID |
| title | Instruments and Measurement Techniques to Assess Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields |
| title_full | Instruments and Measurement Techniques to Assess Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields |
| title_fullStr | Instruments and Measurement Techniques to Assess Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields |
| title_full_unstemmed | Instruments and Measurement Techniques to Assess Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields |
| title_short | Instruments and Measurement Techniques to Assess Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields |
| title_sort | instruments and measurement techniques to assess extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields |
| topic | ELF-EMFs instrumentation short-term monitoring long-term measurements health and safety standards SQUID |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4866 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT phokacrathebe instrumentsandmeasurementtechniquestoassessextremelylowfrequencyelectromagneticfields AT motakholopo instrumentsandmeasurementtechniquestoassessextremelylowfrequencyelectromagneticfields |