Results from a cluster-randomized, stepped-wedge trial testing a deliberative engagement intervention to increase guideline adherence among U.S. oral health providers

Abstract Dental sealants, an evidence-based clinical practice, can arrest occlusal non-cavitated carious lesions (NCCLs); however, U.S. oral health providers rarely provide this treatment. To increase providers’ adoption of the practice, clinic leaders need to identify implementation strategies to d...

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Main Authors: Deborah E. Polk, Nilesh H. Shah, Tim Dawson, Inga Gruß, Daniel J. Pihlstrom, Charles D. Kaplan, Erick G. Guerrero, Jeffrey L. Fellows
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03236-9
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author Deborah E. Polk
Nilesh H. Shah
Tim Dawson
Inga Gruß
Daniel J. Pihlstrom
Charles D. Kaplan
Erick G. Guerrero
Jeffrey L. Fellows
author_facet Deborah E. Polk
Nilesh H. Shah
Tim Dawson
Inga Gruß
Daniel J. Pihlstrom
Charles D. Kaplan
Erick G. Guerrero
Jeffrey L. Fellows
author_sort Deborah E. Polk
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Dental sealants, an evidence-based clinical practice, can arrest occlusal non-cavitated carious lesions (NCCLs); however, U.S. oral health providers rarely provide this treatment. To increase providers’ adoption of the practice, clinic leaders need to identify implementation strategies to deploy. Using a stepped wedge design across 16 cluster-randomized dental clinics, we examined whether small-group deliberative engagement enabled 680 oral health providers and staff to endorse implementation strategies and to increase placement of dental sealants on occlusal NCCLs. Participants deliberated about two barriers and eight implementation strategies. Sealant placement for occlusal NCCLs was extracted from the electronic health record. After deliberating, 49% of participants endorsed the first barrier and 37% endorsed the second barrier. Of those, 26% indicated a strategy was needed for the first barrier and 28% indicated a strategy was needed for the second. Consistent with this perceived lack of need for strategies, leaders did not deploy implementation strategies. Compared with the non-intervention period (98 clinic-months), in the intervention period (101 clinic-months), providers did not increase placement of sealants on occlusal NCCLs. Deliberative engagement may help clinic leaders efficiently evaluate support for implementation strategies, but future research is needed to determine how to increase guideline adoption. Trial Registration: This project is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with ID NCT04682730. The trial was first registered on 18/12/2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04682730.
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spelling doaj-art-56f6d7de19f944ffbb4051aa4aa39bfb2025-08-20T01:53:22ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-03236-9Results from a cluster-randomized, stepped-wedge trial testing a deliberative engagement intervention to increase guideline adherence among U.S. oral health providersDeborah E. Polk0Nilesh H. Shah1Tim Dawson2Inga Gruß3Daniel J. Pihlstrom4Charles D. Kaplan5Erick G. Guerrero6Jeffrey L. Fellows7University of Pittsburgh School of Dental MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Dental MedicineThe Art of DemocracyKaiser Permanente Center for Health ResearchPermanente Dental AssociatesSunrise Community Counseling CenterResearch to End Healthcare Disparities CorpKaiser Permanente Center for Health ResearchAbstract Dental sealants, an evidence-based clinical practice, can arrest occlusal non-cavitated carious lesions (NCCLs); however, U.S. oral health providers rarely provide this treatment. To increase providers’ adoption of the practice, clinic leaders need to identify implementation strategies to deploy. Using a stepped wedge design across 16 cluster-randomized dental clinics, we examined whether small-group deliberative engagement enabled 680 oral health providers and staff to endorse implementation strategies and to increase placement of dental sealants on occlusal NCCLs. Participants deliberated about two barriers and eight implementation strategies. Sealant placement for occlusal NCCLs was extracted from the electronic health record. After deliberating, 49% of participants endorsed the first barrier and 37% endorsed the second barrier. Of those, 26% indicated a strategy was needed for the first barrier and 28% indicated a strategy was needed for the second. Consistent with this perceived lack of need for strategies, leaders did not deploy implementation strategies. Compared with the non-intervention period (98 clinic-months), in the intervention period (101 clinic-months), providers did not increase placement of sealants on occlusal NCCLs. Deliberative engagement may help clinic leaders efficiently evaluate support for implementation strategies, but future research is needed to determine how to increase guideline adoption. Trial Registration: This project is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with ID NCT04682730. The trial was first registered on 18/12/2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04682730.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03236-9Implementation strategyOral healthPit and fissure sealantsDeliberative democracyGuideline adherenceProvider autonomy
spellingShingle Deborah E. Polk
Nilesh H. Shah
Tim Dawson
Inga Gruß
Daniel J. Pihlstrom
Charles D. Kaplan
Erick G. Guerrero
Jeffrey L. Fellows
Results from a cluster-randomized, stepped-wedge trial testing a deliberative engagement intervention to increase guideline adherence among U.S. oral health providers
Scientific Reports
Implementation strategy
Oral health
Pit and fissure sealants
Deliberative democracy
Guideline adherence
Provider autonomy
title Results from a cluster-randomized, stepped-wedge trial testing a deliberative engagement intervention to increase guideline adherence among U.S. oral health providers
title_full Results from a cluster-randomized, stepped-wedge trial testing a deliberative engagement intervention to increase guideline adherence among U.S. oral health providers
title_fullStr Results from a cluster-randomized, stepped-wedge trial testing a deliberative engagement intervention to increase guideline adherence among U.S. oral health providers
title_full_unstemmed Results from a cluster-randomized, stepped-wedge trial testing a deliberative engagement intervention to increase guideline adherence among U.S. oral health providers
title_short Results from a cluster-randomized, stepped-wedge trial testing a deliberative engagement intervention to increase guideline adherence among U.S. oral health providers
title_sort results from a cluster randomized stepped wedge trial testing a deliberative engagement intervention to increase guideline adherence among u s oral health providers
topic Implementation strategy
Oral health
Pit and fissure sealants
Deliberative democracy
Guideline adherence
Provider autonomy
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03236-9
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