Melioidosis – An under-recognized dreaded disease in Southeast Asia

Melioidosis is a disease endemic to India but often goes unrecognized, leading to considerable illness and death. We present the case of a 31-year-old man who had a fever of unknown origin, abnormal renal and liver function tests, and negative tests for dengue, typhoid, leptospirosis, and scrub typh...

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Main Authors: Anas Mohammed Muthanikkatt, Balamurugan Nathan, Amaravathi Uthayakumar, Anandhi Devendiran, Saravanan Muthu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-01-01
Series:Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/tjem.tjem_62_24
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author Anas Mohammed Muthanikkatt
Balamurugan Nathan
Amaravathi Uthayakumar
Anandhi Devendiran
Saravanan Muthu
author_facet Anas Mohammed Muthanikkatt
Balamurugan Nathan
Amaravathi Uthayakumar
Anandhi Devendiran
Saravanan Muthu
author_sort Anas Mohammed Muthanikkatt
collection DOAJ
description Melioidosis is a disease endemic to India but often goes unrecognized, leading to considerable illness and death. We present the case of a 31-year-old man who had a fever of unknown origin, abnormal renal and liver function tests, and negative tests for dengue, typhoid, leptospirosis, and scrub typhus. Imaging revealed multiple splenic infarcts. Initially suspected to be malaria due to its prevalence in South India, further investigation uncovered pneumonia along with several liver and splenic abscesses, raising the possibility of melioidosis. Blood culture eventually identified Burkholderia pseudomallei, confirming the diagnosis. As malaria cases decline in Southeast Asia, emergency physicians should consider melioidosis in their differential diagnosis of acute febrile illnesses, especially in endemic areas. Early detection and prompt antibiotic treatment are vital for managing this often under-recognized disease with a high fatality rate. Thus, melioidosis should be considered in patients with unexplained fever in endemic regions, as early diagnosis and intervention can be life-saving.
format Article
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institution OA Journals
issn 2452-2473
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
record_format Article
series Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine
spelling doaj-art-56f30b80658b4c0d8cc138d69925183f2025-08-20T02:02:05ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsTurkish Journal of Emergency Medicine2452-24732025-01-01251636610.4103/tjem.tjem_62_24Melioidosis – An under-recognized dreaded disease in Southeast AsiaAnas Mohammed MuthanikkattBalamurugan NathanAmaravathi UthayakumarAnandhi DevendiranSaravanan MuthuMelioidosis is a disease endemic to India but often goes unrecognized, leading to considerable illness and death. We present the case of a 31-year-old man who had a fever of unknown origin, abnormal renal and liver function tests, and negative tests for dengue, typhoid, leptospirosis, and scrub typhus. Imaging revealed multiple splenic infarcts. Initially suspected to be malaria due to its prevalence in South India, further investigation uncovered pneumonia along with several liver and splenic abscesses, raising the possibility of melioidosis. Blood culture eventually identified Burkholderia pseudomallei, confirming the diagnosis. As malaria cases decline in Southeast Asia, emergency physicians should consider melioidosis in their differential diagnosis of acute febrile illnesses, especially in endemic areas. Early detection and prompt antibiotic treatment are vital for managing this often under-recognized disease with a high fatality rate. Thus, melioidosis should be considered in patients with unexplained fever in endemic regions, as early diagnosis and intervention can be life-saving.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/tjem.tjem_62_24acute undifferentiated febrile illnessburkholderia pseudomalleiemergency medicinemelioidosismultiple abscessespneumoniapyrexia of unknown originsoutheast asia
spellingShingle Anas Mohammed Muthanikkatt
Balamurugan Nathan
Amaravathi Uthayakumar
Anandhi Devendiran
Saravanan Muthu
Melioidosis – An under-recognized dreaded disease in Southeast Asia
Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine
acute undifferentiated febrile illness
burkholderia pseudomallei
emergency medicine
melioidosis
multiple abscesses
pneumonia
pyrexia of unknown origin
southeast asia
title Melioidosis – An under-recognized dreaded disease in Southeast Asia
title_full Melioidosis – An under-recognized dreaded disease in Southeast Asia
title_fullStr Melioidosis – An under-recognized dreaded disease in Southeast Asia
title_full_unstemmed Melioidosis – An under-recognized dreaded disease in Southeast Asia
title_short Melioidosis – An under-recognized dreaded disease in Southeast Asia
title_sort melioidosis an under recognized dreaded disease in southeast asia
topic acute undifferentiated febrile illness
burkholderia pseudomallei
emergency medicine
melioidosis
multiple abscesses
pneumonia
pyrexia of unknown origin
southeast asia
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/tjem.tjem_62_24
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AT amaravathiuthayakumar melioidosisanunderrecognizeddreadeddiseaseinsoutheastasia
AT anandhidevendiran melioidosisanunderrecognizeddreadeddiseaseinsoutheastasia
AT saravananmuthu melioidosisanunderrecognizeddreadeddiseaseinsoutheastasia