Role of Maternal Vitamin D3 Levels in Shaping Adolescent Vascular Health: Evidence From a Spanish Population‐Based Birth Cohort

Background Low gestational vitamin D levels may increase offspring risk of cardiovascular disease from an early age. Studies investigating the impact on offspring macrovascular function have been inconsistent. Few included pulse wave velocity as an arterial stiffness indicator, and none included mea...

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Main Authors: Júlia Sangüesa, Sandra Márquez, Parisa Montazeri, Silvia Fochs, Nuria Pey, Augusto Anguita‐Ruiz, Charline Warembourg, Elke Rouxel, Tim Nawrot, Patrick De Boever, Bart Elen, Diana B. P. Clemente, Maribel Casas, Martine Vrijheid
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.035273
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author Júlia Sangüesa
Sandra Márquez
Parisa Montazeri
Silvia Fochs
Nuria Pey
Augusto Anguita‐Ruiz
Charline Warembourg
Elke Rouxel
Tim Nawrot
Patrick De Boever
Bart Elen
Diana B. P. Clemente
Maribel Casas
Martine Vrijheid
author_facet Júlia Sangüesa
Sandra Márquez
Parisa Montazeri
Silvia Fochs
Nuria Pey
Augusto Anguita‐Ruiz
Charline Warembourg
Elke Rouxel
Tim Nawrot
Patrick De Boever
Bart Elen
Diana B. P. Clemente
Maribel Casas
Martine Vrijheid
author_sort Júlia Sangüesa
collection DOAJ
description Background Low gestational vitamin D levels may increase offspring risk of cardiovascular disease from an early age. Studies investigating the impact on offspring macrovascular function have been inconsistent. Few included pulse wave velocity as an arterial stiffness indicator, and none included measures of microvascularization as an early marker of cardiovascular health. This study explored the association between gestational vitamin D levels and macro‐ and microvascular health across early adolescence. Methods and Results We analyzed data from 430 mother–child pairs from a Spanish birth cohort. 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) levels were measured in serum at 13 weeks of pregnancy. At 11 and 15 years we assessed macrovascular parameters, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) and pulse wave velocity (m/s), and microvascular parameters (central retinal artery/vein equivalent (μm)). We used continuous (in ng/mL) and categorical (deficient <20 ng/mL versus adequate >20 ng/mL) deseasonalized 25(OH)D3 levels as exposure. Mixed effect and linear regression models were conducted. During their pregnancies, nearly 23% of the mothers had deficient vitamin D3 levels. We did not find statistically significant associations between pregnancy vitamin D3 levels and macro‐ and microvascular function markers across adolescence. However, subjects exposed to deficient vitamin D3 levels showed a nonstatistically significant decrease in pulse wave velocity (β=−0.09 [95% CI, −0.19 to 0.01]) compared with those exposed to adequate levels. There was no evidence of a sex interaction. Conclusions Our findings show little evidence to support associations between low vitamin D levels during pregnancy and macro‐ or microvascular health parameters through early adolescence.
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spelling doaj-art-56f0fcaeee6e4f8cb5a823ab4bbb64e72025-08-20T02:12:06ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802025-03-0114510.1161/JAHA.124.035273Role of Maternal Vitamin D3 Levels in Shaping Adolescent Vascular Health: Evidence From a Spanish Population‐Based Birth CohortJúlia Sangüesa0Sandra Márquez1Parisa Montazeri2Silvia Fochs3Nuria Pey4Augusto Anguita‐Ruiz5Charline Warembourg6Elke Rouxel7Tim Nawrot8Patrick De Boever9Bart Elen10Diana B. P. Clemente11Maribel Casas12Martine Vrijheid13ISGlobal Barcelona SpainISGlobal Barcelona SpainISGlobal Barcelona SpainISGlobal Barcelona SpainISGlobal Barcelona SpainISGlobal Barcelona SpainUniversity of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085 Rennes FranceUniversity of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085 Rennes FranceCentre for Environmental Sciences Hasselt University Hasselt BelgiumCentre for Environmental Sciences Hasselt University Hasselt BelgiumFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) Mol BelgiumZiekenhuis Oost‐Limburg Genk BelgiumISGlobal Barcelona SpainISGlobal Barcelona SpainBackground Low gestational vitamin D levels may increase offspring risk of cardiovascular disease from an early age. Studies investigating the impact on offspring macrovascular function have been inconsistent. Few included pulse wave velocity as an arterial stiffness indicator, and none included measures of microvascularization as an early marker of cardiovascular health. This study explored the association between gestational vitamin D levels and macro‐ and microvascular health across early adolescence. Methods and Results We analyzed data from 430 mother–child pairs from a Spanish birth cohort. 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) levels were measured in serum at 13 weeks of pregnancy. At 11 and 15 years we assessed macrovascular parameters, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) and pulse wave velocity (m/s), and microvascular parameters (central retinal artery/vein equivalent (μm)). We used continuous (in ng/mL) and categorical (deficient <20 ng/mL versus adequate >20 ng/mL) deseasonalized 25(OH)D3 levels as exposure. Mixed effect and linear regression models were conducted. During their pregnancies, nearly 23% of the mothers had deficient vitamin D3 levels. We did not find statistically significant associations between pregnancy vitamin D3 levels and macro‐ and microvascular function markers across adolescence. However, subjects exposed to deficient vitamin D3 levels showed a nonstatistically significant decrease in pulse wave velocity (β=−0.09 [95% CI, −0.19 to 0.01]) compared with those exposed to adequate levels. There was no evidence of a sex interaction. Conclusions Our findings show little evidence to support associations between low vitamin D levels during pregnancy and macro‐ or microvascular health parameters through early adolescence.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.035273adolescencearterial stiffnessblood pressurecardiovascular healthpregnancyretinal microcirculation
spellingShingle Júlia Sangüesa
Sandra Márquez
Parisa Montazeri
Silvia Fochs
Nuria Pey
Augusto Anguita‐Ruiz
Charline Warembourg
Elke Rouxel
Tim Nawrot
Patrick De Boever
Bart Elen
Diana B. P. Clemente
Maribel Casas
Martine Vrijheid
Role of Maternal Vitamin D3 Levels in Shaping Adolescent Vascular Health: Evidence From a Spanish Population‐Based Birth Cohort
Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
adolescence
arterial stiffness
blood pressure
cardiovascular health
pregnancy
retinal microcirculation
title Role of Maternal Vitamin D3 Levels in Shaping Adolescent Vascular Health: Evidence From a Spanish Population‐Based Birth Cohort
title_full Role of Maternal Vitamin D3 Levels in Shaping Adolescent Vascular Health: Evidence From a Spanish Population‐Based Birth Cohort
title_fullStr Role of Maternal Vitamin D3 Levels in Shaping Adolescent Vascular Health: Evidence From a Spanish Population‐Based Birth Cohort
title_full_unstemmed Role of Maternal Vitamin D3 Levels in Shaping Adolescent Vascular Health: Evidence From a Spanish Population‐Based Birth Cohort
title_short Role of Maternal Vitamin D3 Levels in Shaping Adolescent Vascular Health: Evidence From a Spanish Population‐Based Birth Cohort
title_sort role of maternal vitamin d3 levels in shaping adolescent vascular health evidence from a spanish population based birth cohort
topic adolescence
arterial stiffness
blood pressure
cardiovascular health
pregnancy
retinal microcirculation
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.035273
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