Enhanced Erythromycin Elimination from Erythromycin Fermentation Residue via Anaerobic Volatile Fatty Acid Production Under Mesophilic Conditions

Erythromycin fermentation residue (EFR) is difficult to dispose of due to its high content of macrolide erythromycin. An alternative economic method was proposed in this study for erythromycin elimination in EFR through volatile fatty acid (VFA) production via an anaerobic digestion process. Differe...

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Main Authors: Jianjun Ren, Xilong Xia, Honggang Mao, Lixia Zhu, Mohammad J. Taherzadeh, Yiliang Chen, Dongze Niu, Chunyu Li, Rui Tang, Xiancheng Qi, Chuanyang Xu, Dongmin Yin
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Fermentation
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/6/320
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author Jianjun Ren
Xilong Xia
Honggang Mao
Lixia Zhu
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
Yiliang Chen
Dongze Niu
Chunyu Li
Rui Tang
Xiancheng Qi
Chuanyang Xu
Dongmin Yin
author_facet Jianjun Ren
Xilong Xia
Honggang Mao
Lixia Zhu
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
Yiliang Chen
Dongze Niu
Chunyu Li
Rui Tang
Xiancheng Qi
Chuanyang Xu
Dongmin Yin
author_sort Jianjun Ren
collection DOAJ
description Erythromycin fermentation residue (EFR) is difficult to dispose of due to its high content of macrolide erythromycin. An alternative economic method was proposed in this study for erythromycin elimination in EFR through volatile fatty acid (VFA) production via an anaerobic digestion process. Different parameters were applied to evaluate the effects on energy recovery of VFA together with erythromycin elimination from EFR through batch assays under mesophilic conditions. Results demonstrated that anaerobic digestion technology for VFA production can significantly enhance erythromycin elimination in EFR. The highest removal efficiency of 86.7–87.5% was obtained at conditions of controlled pH at 11.0, with erythromycin decreasing from an initial 100.2 to 12.6–14.0 mg/L. Additionally, controlled pH during the digestion process was reported to positively improve VFA yield to a maximum of 1.04 g-COD/g-VS than the adjustment of initial pH (0.46 g-COD/g-VS). Metabolic analysis alongside high-throughput sequence analysis further demonstrated the high hydrolysis and acidogenesis activities of EFR during the VFA accumulation process. Dominate enzymes EC:3.2.1.40, EC:6.2.1.3, EC:4.1.2.14, EC:2.7.2.1, and EC:1.1.1.27 well balanced the whole process from organic to VFA at pH controlled 11.0. The current study provided a new feasible choice for the economical treatment of antibiotic fermentation residues due to the tolerable antibiotic removal efficiency and satisfactory VFA yield.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2311-5637
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Fermentation
spelling doaj-art-56e82eef6ac843fd8148366a7dd0f3db2025-08-20T03:27:29ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372025-06-0111632010.3390/fermentation11060320Enhanced Erythromycin Elimination from Erythromycin Fermentation Residue via Anaerobic Volatile Fatty Acid Production Under Mesophilic ConditionsJianjun Ren0Xilong Xia1Honggang Mao2Lixia Zhu3Mohammad J. Taherzadeh4Yiliang Chen5Dongze Niu6Chunyu Li7Rui Tang8Xiancheng Qi9Chuanyang Xu10Dongmin Yin11Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaChangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaChangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaChangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaSwedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, SwedenCollege of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaChangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaChangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaChangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaChangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaChangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaChangzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaErythromycin fermentation residue (EFR) is difficult to dispose of due to its high content of macrolide erythromycin. An alternative economic method was proposed in this study for erythromycin elimination in EFR through volatile fatty acid (VFA) production via an anaerobic digestion process. Different parameters were applied to evaluate the effects on energy recovery of VFA together with erythromycin elimination from EFR through batch assays under mesophilic conditions. Results demonstrated that anaerobic digestion technology for VFA production can significantly enhance erythromycin elimination in EFR. The highest removal efficiency of 86.7–87.5% was obtained at conditions of controlled pH at 11.0, with erythromycin decreasing from an initial 100.2 to 12.6–14.0 mg/L. Additionally, controlled pH during the digestion process was reported to positively improve VFA yield to a maximum of 1.04 g-COD/g-VS than the adjustment of initial pH (0.46 g-COD/g-VS). Metabolic analysis alongside high-throughput sequence analysis further demonstrated the high hydrolysis and acidogenesis activities of EFR during the VFA accumulation process. Dominate enzymes EC:3.2.1.40, EC:6.2.1.3, EC:4.1.2.14, EC:2.7.2.1, and EC:1.1.1.27 well balanced the whole process from organic to VFA at pH controlled 11.0. The current study provided a new feasible choice for the economical treatment of antibiotic fermentation residues due to the tolerable antibiotic removal efficiency and satisfactory VFA yield.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/6/320erythromycin biodegradationanaerobic digestionpH controlmetabolic activity
spellingShingle Jianjun Ren
Xilong Xia
Honggang Mao
Lixia Zhu
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
Yiliang Chen
Dongze Niu
Chunyu Li
Rui Tang
Xiancheng Qi
Chuanyang Xu
Dongmin Yin
Enhanced Erythromycin Elimination from Erythromycin Fermentation Residue via Anaerobic Volatile Fatty Acid Production Under Mesophilic Conditions
Fermentation
erythromycin biodegradation
anaerobic digestion
pH control
metabolic activity
title Enhanced Erythromycin Elimination from Erythromycin Fermentation Residue via Anaerobic Volatile Fatty Acid Production Under Mesophilic Conditions
title_full Enhanced Erythromycin Elimination from Erythromycin Fermentation Residue via Anaerobic Volatile Fatty Acid Production Under Mesophilic Conditions
title_fullStr Enhanced Erythromycin Elimination from Erythromycin Fermentation Residue via Anaerobic Volatile Fatty Acid Production Under Mesophilic Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced Erythromycin Elimination from Erythromycin Fermentation Residue via Anaerobic Volatile Fatty Acid Production Under Mesophilic Conditions
title_short Enhanced Erythromycin Elimination from Erythromycin Fermentation Residue via Anaerobic Volatile Fatty Acid Production Under Mesophilic Conditions
title_sort enhanced erythromycin elimination from erythromycin fermentation residue via anaerobic volatile fatty acid production under mesophilic conditions
topic erythromycin biodegradation
anaerobic digestion
pH control
metabolic activity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/6/320
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