Standardizing Neonatal Body Composition Assessment Using Air Displacement Plethysmography: Insights from the Bavarian Experience

Background/Objectives: Body composition plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment and the long-term health of preterm and term infants. Air displacement plethysmography (ADP), especially with the PEAPOD<sup>®</sup> system, is well established in research and increasingly explored in clini...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lennart A. Luecke, Christoph Fusch, Gisela Adrienne Weiss, Katja Knab, Stefan Schäfer, Jasper L. Zimmermann, Anastasia Meis, Stephanie Lohmüller-Weiß, Kerstin Simon, Julia Welsch, Ursula Felderhoff-Müser, Niels Rochow
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Children
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/6/733
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850156379705180160
author Lennart A. Luecke
Christoph Fusch
Gisela Adrienne Weiss
Katja Knab
Stefan Schäfer
Jasper L. Zimmermann
Anastasia Meis
Stephanie Lohmüller-Weiß
Kerstin Simon
Julia Welsch
Ursula Felderhoff-Müser
Niels Rochow
author_facet Lennart A. Luecke
Christoph Fusch
Gisela Adrienne Weiss
Katja Knab
Stefan Schäfer
Jasper L. Zimmermann
Anastasia Meis
Stephanie Lohmüller-Weiß
Kerstin Simon
Julia Welsch
Ursula Felderhoff-Müser
Niels Rochow
author_sort Lennart A. Luecke
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objectives: Body composition plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment and the long-term health of preterm and term infants. Air displacement plethysmography (ADP), especially with the PEAPOD<sup>®</sup> system, is well established in research and increasingly explored in clinical practice. Building on our team’s earlier experiences, this study aimed to (1) evaluate the safety and feasibility of ADP in preterm infants, (2) identify published clinical protocols, and (3) implement and assess a standardized routine—the Bavarian Clinical Protocol (BCP). Methods: We conducted two systematic literature reviews: one on the eligibility-to-assessment rate and safety of ADP in research contexts, and a second focusing on existing clinical protocols. In addition, we retrospectively analyzed routine ADP assessments at the NICU of Nuremberg Children’s University Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024, where the BCP had been introduced. Results: The literature review included 76 studies reporting a total of 8,317 assessments without adverse events. In experimental settings, the eligibility-to-assessment rate was 41%. We identified three published clinical protocols. Following BCP implementation, 626 of 702 eligible infants (89.1%) underwent a total of 851 ADP measurements. No adverse events were observed, and repeated assessments were integrated smoothly into clinical workflows. Conclusions: ADP can be safely and effectively incorporated into neonatal routine care. The Bavarian Clinical Protocol provides a practical framework for standardized application, improves comparability across centers, and supports the clinical use of body composition data to inform individualized nutritional strategies.
format Article
id doaj-art-56e39b3ae58a4a0fa370c258586a76f9
institution OA Journals
issn 2227-9067
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Children
spelling doaj-art-56e39b3ae58a4a0fa370c258586a76f92025-08-20T02:24:34ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-06-0112673310.3390/children12060733Standardizing Neonatal Body Composition Assessment Using Air Displacement Plethysmography: Insights from the Bavarian ExperienceLennart A. Luecke0Christoph Fusch1Gisela Adrienne Weiss2Katja Knab3Stefan Schäfer4Jasper L. Zimmermann5Anastasia Meis6Stephanie Lohmüller-Weiß7Kerstin Simon8Julia Welsch9Ursula Felderhoff-Müser10Niels Rochow11Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte und Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nürnberg, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nürnberg, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nürnberg, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nürnberg, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nürnberg, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nürnberg, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nürnberg, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nürnberg, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nürnberg, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, GermanyDepartment of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nürnberg, GermanyBackground/Objectives: Body composition plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment and the long-term health of preterm and term infants. Air displacement plethysmography (ADP), especially with the PEAPOD<sup>®</sup> system, is well established in research and increasingly explored in clinical practice. Building on our team’s earlier experiences, this study aimed to (1) evaluate the safety and feasibility of ADP in preterm infants, (2) identify published clinical protocols, and (3) implement and assess a standardized routine—the Bavarian Clinical Protocol (BCP). Methods: We conducted two systematic literature reviews: one on the eligibility-to-assessment rate and safety of ADP in research contexts, and a second focusing on existing clinical protocols. In addition, we retrospectively analyzed routine ADP assessments at the NICU of Nuremberg Children’s University Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024, where the BCP had been introduced. Results: The literature review included 76 studies reporting a total of 8,317 assessments without adverse events. In experimental settings, the eligibility-to-assessment rate was 41%. We identified three published clinical protocols. Following BCP implementation, 626 of 702 eligible infants (89.1%) underwent a total of 851 ADP measurements. No adverse events were observed, and repeated assessments were integrated smoothly into clinical workflows. Conclusions: ADP can be safely and effectively incorporated into neonatal routine care. The Bavarian Clinical Protocol provides a practical framework for standardized application, improves comparability across centers, and supports the clinical use of body composition data to inform individualized nutritional strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/6/733neonateair displacement plethysmographybody compositionlean massmethod analysisclinical routine
spellingShingle Lennart A. Luecke
Christoph Fusch
Gisela Adrienne Weiss
Katja Knab
Stefan Schäfer
Jasper L. Zimmermann
Anastasia Meis
Stephanie Lohmüller-Weiß
Kerstin Simon
Julia Welsch
Ursula Felderhoff-Müser
Niels Rochow
Standardizing Neonatal Body Composition Assessment Using Air Displacement Plethysmography: Insights from the Bavarian Experience
Children
neonate
air displacement plethysmography
body composition
lean mass
method analysis
clinical routine
title Standardizing Neonatal Body Composition Assessment Using Air Displacement Plethysmography: Insights from the Bavarian Experience
title_full Standardizing Neonatal Body Composition Assessment Using Air Displacement Plethysmography: Insights from the Bavarian Experience
title_fullStr Standardizing Neonatal Body Composition Assessment Using Air Displacement Plethysmography: Insights from the Bavarian Experience
title_full_unstemmed Standardizing Neonatal Body Composition Assessment Using Air Displacement Plethysmography: Insights from the Bavarian Experience
title_short Standardizing Neonatal Body Composition Assessment Using Air Displacement Plethysmography: Insights from the Bavarian Experience
title_sort standardizing neonatal body composition assessment using air displacement plethysmography insights from the bavarian experience
topic neonate
air displacement plethysmography
body composition
lean mass
method analysis
clinical routine
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/6/733
work_keys_str_mv AT lennartaluecke standardizingneonatalbodycompositionassessmentusingairdisplacementplethysmographyinsightsfromthebavarianexperience
AT christophfusch standardizingneonatalbodycompositionassessmentusingairdisplacementplethysmographyinsightsfromthebavarianexperience
AT giselaadrienneweiss standardizingneonatalbodycompositionassessmentusingairdisplacementplethysmographyinsightsfromthebavarianexperience
AT katjaknab standardizingneonatalbodycompositionassessmentusingairdisplacementplethysmographyinsightsfromthebavarianexperience
AT stefanschafer standardizingneonatalbodycompositionassessmentusingairdisplacementplethysmographyinsightsfromthebavarianexperience
AT jasperlzimmermann standardizingneonatalbodycompositionassessmentusingairdisplacementplethysmographyinsightsfromthebavarianexperience
AT anastasiameis standardizingneonatalbodycompositionassessmentusingairdisplacementplethysmographyinsightsfromthebavarianexperience
AT stephanielohmullerweiß standardizingneonatalbodycompositionassessmentusingairdisplacementplethysmographyinsightsfromthebavarianexperience
AT kerstinsimon standardizingneonatalbodycompositionassessmentusingairdisplacementplethysmographyinsightsfromthebavarianexperience
AT juliawelsch standardizingneonatalbodycompositionassessmentusingairdisplacementplethysmographyinsightsfromthebavarianexperience
AT ursulafelderhoffmuser standardizingneonatalbodycompositionassessmentusingairdisplacementplethysmographyinsightsfromthebavarianexperience
AT nielsrochow standardizingneonatalbodycompositionassessmentusingairdisplacementplethysmographyinsightsfromthebavarianexperience