Modelling the health, financial protection and equity impacts of upscaling the ACT NOW early intervention breast cancer pilot program in the Philippines: an extended cost-effectiveness analysis
Introduction Women in the Philippines experience significant health and economic burdens of breast cancer. The Philippines has reformed financial protection for breast cancer but does not have a national early detection and treatment programme. This study aims to model the health and economic impact...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2025-02-01
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| Series: | BMJ Global Health |
| Online Access: | https://gh.bmj.com/content/10/2/e016402.full |
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| author | Blake Angell Stephen Jan Mark Woodward Sanne Peters Merel Kimman Alexander Chye Nirmala Bhoo Pathy Herdee Gloriane C Luna Soledad B Lim Helen Monaghan Corazon A Ngelangel |
| author_facet | Blake Angell Stephen Jan Mark Woodward Sanne Peters Merel Kimman Alexander Chye Nirmala Bhoo Pathy Herdee Gloriane C Luna Soledad B Lim Helen Monaghan Corazon A Ngelangel |
| author_sort | Blake Angell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction Women in the Philippines experience significant health and economic burdens of breast cancer. The Philippines has reformed financial protection for breast cancer but does not have a national early detection and treatment programme. This study aims to model the health and economic impacts of ACT NOW (a pilot breast cancer programme that navigates women through free early detection to treatment) through an extended cost-effectiveness analysis.Methods A microsimulation decision tree model was used to model the ACT NOW intervention (including annual clinical breast examination (CBE) and biannual breast ultrasound for women at high risk of breast cancer) over 5 years for healthy women 40–69 years old. Outcomes included health gains (breast cancer deaths saved), financial protection (financial catastrophes saved) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) (cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) saved). Outcomes were stratified by income group. Probabilistic, one-way sensitivity and scenario analyses explored uncertainty.Results Over 5 years, the ACT NOW intervention is cost-effective with an ICER of PHP60 711 (USD1098) (average incremental cost PHP743 [95% UI 424–960] and DALYs saved 0.01 [95% UI 0.01–0.02], below Philippines 2022 gross domestic product per capita PHP178 751). Per 100 000 women, 57 deaths and eight financial catastrophes were saved. Cost-effectiveness did not vary significantly by income, but higher income groups incurred greater costs and lower DALYs. Results were sensitive to proportion of late-stage breast cancers post intervention, treatment adherence, intervention costs and downstaging effectiveness. Trade-offs are apparent between government contributions to financial protection and rates of financial catastrophe.Conclusions Early detection interventions (annual CBE, biannual breast ultrasound if at high risk of breast cancer) are likely to be cost-effective, reduce breast cancer-related mortality through detection at earlier stages and modestly effective in reducing the incidence of financial catastrophe. Further research is required to establish the best implementation model to pursue full implementation and ways of designing equity-based screening interventions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-56c47c897c0540e38bdaa1e3f7b9d7a8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2059-7908 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
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| series | BMJ Global Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-56c47c897c0540e38bdaa1e3f7b9d7a82025-02-04T04:05:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Global Health2059-79082025-02-0110210.1136/bmjgh-2024-016402Modelling the health, financial protection and equity impacts of upscaling the ACT NOW early intervention breast cancer pilot program in the Philippines: an extended cost-effectiveness analysisBlake Angell0Stephen Jan1Mark Woodward2Sanne Peters3Merel Kimman4Alexander Chye5Nirmala Bhoo Pathy6Herdee Gloriane C Luna7Soledad B Lim8Helen Monaghan9Corazon A Ngelangel10The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaSchool of Public Health, The George Institute for Global Health UK, Imperial College London, London, UKDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The NetherlandsThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaCentre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaACT NOW Breast Cancer Early Detection, Philippine Cancer Society, Manila, PhilippinesJose R Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Department of Health, Manila, PhilippinesThe George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaUniversity of the Philippines Manila, College of Medicine, Manila, PhilippinesIntroduction Women in the Philippines experience significant health and economic burdens of breast cancer. The Philippines has reformed financial protection for breast cancer but does not have a national early detection and treatment programme. This study aims to model the health and economic impacts of ACT NOW (a pilot breast cancer programme that navigates women through free early detection to treatment) through an extended cost-effectiveness analysis.Methods A microsimulation decision tree model was used to model the ACT NOW intervention (including annual clinical breast examination (CBE) and biannual breast ultrasound for women at high risk of breast cancer) over 5 years for healthy women 40–69 years old. Outcomes included health gains (breast cancer deaths saved), financial protection (financial catastrophes saved) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) (cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) saved). Outcomes were stratified by income group. Probabilistic, one-way sensitivity and scenario analyses explored uncertainty.Results Over 5 years, the ACT NOW intervention is cost-effective with an ICER of PHP60 711 (USD1098) (average incremental cost PHP743 [95% UI 424–960] and DALYs saved 0.01 [95% UI 0.01–0.02], below Philippines 2022 gross domestic product per capita PHP178 751). Per 100 000 women, 57 deaths and eight financial catastrophes were saved. Cost-effectiveness did not vary significantly by income, but higher income groups incurred greater costs and lower DALYs. Results were sensitive to proportion of late-stage breast cancers post intervention, treatment adherence, intervention costs and downstaging effectiveness. Trade-offs are apparent between government contributions to financial protection and rates of financial catastrophe.Conclusions Early detection interventions (annual CBE, biannual breast ultrasound if at high risk of breast cancer) are likely to be cost-effective, reduce breast cancer-related mortality through detection at earlier stages and modestly effective in reducing the incidence of financial catastrophe. Further research is required to establish the best implementation model to pursue full implementation and ways of designing equity-based screening interventions.https://gh.bmj.com/content/10/2/e016402.full |
| spellingShingle | Blake Angell Stephen Jan Mark Woodward Sanne Peters Merel Kimman Alexander Chye Nirmala Bhoo Pathy Herdee Gloriane C Luna Soledad B Lim Helen Monaghan Corazon A Ngelangel Modelling the health, financial protection and equity impacts of upscaling the ACT NOW early intervention breast cancer pilot program in the Philippines: an extended cost-effectiveness analysis BMJ Global Health |
| title | Modelling the health, financial protection and equity impacts of upscaling the ACT NOW early intervention breast cancer pilot program in the Philippines: an extended cost-effectiveness analysis |
| title_full | Modelling the health, financial protection and equity impacts of upscaling the ACT NOW early intervention breast cancer pilot program in the Philippines: an extended cost-effectiveness analysis |
| title_fullStr | Modelling the health, financial protection and equity impacts of upscaling the ACT NOW early intervention breast cancer pilot program in the Philippines: an extended cost-effectiveness analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modelling the health, financial protection and equity impacts of upscaling the ACT NOW early intervention breast cancer pilot program in the Philippines: an extended cost-effectiveness analysis |
| title_short | Modelling the health, financial protection and equity impacts of upscaling the ACT NOW early intervention breast cancer pilot program in the Philippines: an extended cost-effectiveness analysis |
| title_sort | modelling the health financial protection and equity impacts of upscaling the act now early intervention breast cancer pilot program in the philippines an extended cost effectiveness analysis |
| url | https://gh.bmj.com/content/10/2/e016402.full |
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