Anatomical considerations, testicular, and scrotal anatomy of nonobstructive azoospermia patients
Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse, impacts 10%–20% of couples globally. Both male and female factors contribute equally to this condition. Azoospermia, particularly nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), which affects 10%–15% of infertile me...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Asian Journal of Andrology |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aja2024102 |
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| author | Hao-Cheng Lin Yan Chen Yang-Yi Fang Kai Hong |
| author_facet | Hao-Cheng Lin Yan Chen Yang-Yi Fang Kai Hong |
| author_sort | Hao-Cheng Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse, impacts 10%–20% of couples globally. Both male and female factors contribute equally to this condition. Azoospermia, particularly nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), which affects 10%–15% of infertile men, represents a significant challenge in male infertility. The advent of assisted reproductive technology (ART), specifically microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), offers a possibility for men with NOA to father biological children. Recent studies have focused on the predictors of sperm retrieval in NOA patients, such as age, testicular volume, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level. This review aims to explore the limited data on the anatomical characteristics of NOA patients and provide surgical considerations for micro-TESE, thereby enhancing understanding and improving outcomes for this challenging condition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-56bf81dabcd44d11b720ed9701bbc7ff |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1008-682X 1745-7262 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Asian Journal of Andrology |
| spelling | doaj-art-56bf81dabcd44d11b720ed9701bbc7ff2025-08-20T02:01:57ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsAsian Journal of Andrology1008-682X1745-72622025-05-0127328829210.4103/aja2024102Anatomical considerations, testicular, and scrotal anatomy of nonobstructive azoospermia patientsHao-Cheng LinYan ChenYang-Yi FangKai HongInfertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse, impacts 10%–20% of couples globally. Both male and female factors contribute equally to this condition. Azoospermia, particularly nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), which affects 10%–15% of infertile men, represents a significant challenge in male infertility. The advent of assisted reproductive technology (ART), specifically microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), offers a possibility for men with NOA to father biological children. Recent studies have focused on the predictors of sperm retrieval in NOA patients, such as age, testicular volume, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level. This review aims to explore the limited data on the anatomical characteristics of NOA patients and provide surgical considerations for micro-TESE, thereby enhancing understanding and improving outcomes for this challenging condition.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aja2024102azoospermiamale infertilitymicrosurgical sperm retrievalnonobstructive azoospermiatesticular anatomy |
| spellingShingle | Hao-Cheng Lin Yan Chen Yang-Yi Fang Kai Hong Anatomical considerations, testicular, and scrotal anatomy of nonobstructive azoospermia patients Asian Journal of Andrology azoospermia male infertility microsurgical sperm retrieval nonobstructive azoospermia testicular anatomy |
| title | Anatomical considerations, testicular, and scrotal anatomy of nonobstructive azoospermia patients |
| title_full | Anatomical considerations, testicular, and scrotal anatomy of nonobstructive azoospermia patients |
| title_fullStr | Anatomical considerations, testicular, and scrotal anatomy of nonobstructive azoospermia patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anatomical considerations, testicular, and scrotal anatomy of nonobstructive azoospermia patients |
| title_short | Anatomical considerations, testicular, and scrotal anatomy of nonobstructive azoospermia patients |
| title_sort | anatomical considerations testicular and scrotal anatomy of nonobstructive azoospermia patients |
| topic | azoospermia male infertility microsurgical sperm retrieval nonobstructive azoospermia testicular anatomy |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aja2024102 |
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