Anatomical considerations, testicular, and scrotal anatomy of nonobstructive azoospermia patients
Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse, impacts 10%–20% of couples globally. Both male and female factors contribute equally to this condition. Azoospermia, particularly nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), which affects 10%–15% of infertile me...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Asian Journal of Andrology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aja2024102 |
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| Summary: | Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse, impacts 10%–20% of couples globally. Both male and female factors contribute equally to this condition. Azoospermia, particularly nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), which affects 10%–15% of infertile men, represents a significant challenge in male infertility. The advent of assisted reproductive technology (ART), specifically microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), offers a possibility for men with NOA to father biological children. Recent studies have focused on the predictors of sperm retrieval in NOA patients, such as age, testicular volume, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level. This review aims to explore the limited data on the anatomical characteristics of NOA patients and provide surgical considerations for micro-TESE, thereby enhancing understanding and improving outcomes for this challenging condition. |
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| ISSN: | 1008-682X 1745-7262 |