Impacts of different types of straw returning on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and pepper quality

IntroductionStraw returning serves as a critical agronomic practice for soil quality improvement and sustainable agricultural development. However, the differential regulatory mechanisms of cellulose-rich (e.g., pepper straw) versus lignin-rich (e.g., mulberry stem) straw types on soil physicochemic...

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Main Authors: Xiapu Gai, Biao Chen, Shijuan Xiong, Qingqing Zhou, Yuan Yuan, Yumei Mou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1620502/full
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author Xiapu Gai
Biao Chen
Shijuan Xiong
Qingqing Zhou
Yuan Yuan
Yumei Mou
author_facet Xiapu Gai
Biao Chen
Shijuan Xiong
Qingqing Zhou
Yuan Yuan
Yumei Mou
author_sort Xiapu Gai
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionStraw returning serves as a critical agronomic practice for soil quality improvement and sustainable agricultural development. However, the differential regulatory mechanisms of cellulose-rich (e.g., pepper straw) versus lignin-rich (e.g., mulberry stem) straw types on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and crop nutritional quality remain poorly understood, particularly in pepper cultivation regions of Karst mountainous.MethodsIn this study, taken the pepper planting soil as research object, the treatments of cellulose pepper straw (CS), lignin mulberry stem (MS) and control (CK) were set up. By measuring soil nutrients, microbial community diversity and pepper nutritional quality indicators, combined with high-throughput sequencing technology, the ecological effects of different types of straw returning were systematically analyzed.Results and discussionThe results showed that CS treatment significantly increased nitrate nitrogen content and available potassium, but decreased organic matter content by 8% and microbial biomass nitrogen by 65.5%. MS treatment significantly increased soil organic matter and microbial biomass carbon, and promoted the increase of amino acid content by 59.6%. Microbial community analysis showed that Pseudomonas had the highest values in all three treatments, CS treatment enriched Actinomycetota, while MS treatment inhibited Acidobacteriota. Correlation analysis revealed that the functions of bacteria and fungi were positively correlated with SOC, NO3–N, AP, TK, MBN, and EC, reaching a significant level with MBN (P<0.05). However, they showed negative correlation with NH4+-N. It indicated that straw types drive microbial functional differentiation by regulating nutrient availability. The results of chili quality showed that CS treatment significantly increased capsaicin (16.5%) and crude fiber (21.4%), but reduced reducing sugar (13.3%). MS treatment increased amino acids (59.6%) and crude fat (6.3%), which was related to the different metabolic pathways caused by the difference in carbon-nitrogen ratio. In summary, cellulose-based straw enhances nutrient availability through short-term mineralization, indicating that carbon pool loss and nitrogen imbalance risks might limit long-term soil health. However, lignin-based straw maintains long-term soil health through carbon sequestration and microbial homeostasis, which provides a theoretical basis for the utilization of straw resources in karst areas and the improvement of quality and efficiency of pepper industry.
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spelling doaj-art-56b1f05392d641fbbdd42c86f66cd8b62025-08-20T03:15:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-07-011610.3389/fpls.2025.16205021620502Impacts of different types of straw returning on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and pepper qualityXiapu Gai0Biao Chen1Shijuan Xiong2Qingqing Zhou3Yuan Yuan4Yumei Mou5Guizhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Characteristic Horticultural Crops, Institute of Pepper, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, ChinaGuizhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Characteristic Horticultural Crops, Institute of Pepper, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, ChinaGuizhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Characteristic Horticultural Crops, Institute of Pepper, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, ChinaAnshun College of Agriculture, Anshun, ChinaGuizhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Characteristic Horticultural Crops, Institute of Pepper, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, ChinaGuizhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Characteristic Horticultural Crops, Institute of Pepper, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, ChinaIntroductionStraw returning serves as a critical agronomic practice for soil quality improvement and sustainable agricultural development. However, the differential regulatory mechanisms of cellulose-rich (e.g., pepper straw) versus lignin-rich (e.g., mulberry stem) straw types on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and crop nutritional quality remain poorly understood, particularly in pepper cultivation regions of Karst mountainous.MethodsIn this study, taken the pepper planting soil as research object, the treatments of cellulose pepper straw (CS), lignin mulberry stem (MS) and control (CK) were set up. By measuring soil nutrients, microbial community diversity and pepper nutritional quality indicators, combined with high-throughput sequencing technology, the ecological effects of different types of straw returning were systematically analyzed.Results and discussionThe results showed that CS treatment significantly increased nitrate nitrogen content and available potassium, but decreased organic matter content by 8% and microbial biomass nitrogen by 65.5%. MS treatment significantly increased soil organic matter and microbial biomass carbon, and promoted the increase of amino acid content by 59.6%. Microbial community analysis showed that Pseudomonas had the highest values in all three treatments, CS treatment enriched Actinomycetota, while MS treatment inhibited Acidobacteriota. Correlation analysis revealed that the functions of bacteria and fungi were positively correlated with SOC, NO3–N, AP, TK, MBN, and EC, reaching a significant level with MBN (P<0.05). However, they showed negative correlation with NH4+-N. It indicated that straw types drive microbial functional differentiation by regulating nutrient availability. The results of chili quality showed that CS treatment significantly increased capsaicin (16.5%) and crude fiber (21.4%), but reduced reducing sugar (13.3%). MS treatment increased amino acids (59.6%) and crude fat (6.3%), which was related to the different metabolic pathways caused by the difference in carbon-nitrogen ratio. In summary, cellulose-based straw enhances nutrient availability through short-term mineralization, indicating that carbon pool loss and nitrogen imbalance risks might limit long-term soil health. However, lignin-based straw maintains long-term soil health through carbon sequestration and microbial homeostasis, which provides a theoretical basis for the utilization of straw resources in karst areas and the improvement of quality and efficiency of pepper industry.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1620502/fullstraw returningsoil microbial communitypepper qualitykarst areashigh-throughput sequencing technology
spellingShingle Xiapu Gai
Biao Chen
Shijuan Xiong
Qingqing Zhou
Yuan Yuan
Yumei Mou
Impacts of different types of straw returning on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and pepper quality
Frontiers in Plant Science
straw returning
soil microbial community
pepper quality
karst areas
high-throughput sequencing technology
title Impacts of different types of straw returning on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and pepper quality
title_full Impacts of different types of straw returning on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and pepper quality
title_fullStr Impacts of different types of straw returning on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and pepper quality
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of different types of straw returning on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and pepper quality
title_short Impacts of different types of straw returning on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and pepper quality
title_sort impacts of different types of straw returning on soil physicochemical properties microbial community structure and pepper quality
topic straw returning
soil microbial community
pepper quality
karst areas
high-throughput sequencing technology
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1620502/full
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AT qingqingzhou impactsofdifferenttypesofstrawreturningonsoilphysicochemicalpropertiesmicrobialcommunitystructureandpepperquality
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