AIPE-Active Neutral Ir(III) Complexes as Bi-Responsive Luminescent Chemosensors for Sensing Picric Acid and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in Aqueous Media

Three neutral iridium complexes <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> were synthesized using diphenylphosphoryl-substituted 2-phenylpyridine derivatives as the cyclometalating ligand and picolinic acid as the auxiliary ligand. They exhibited significant aggregation-induced phosphorescent emi...

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Main Authors: Qinglong Zhang, Jiangchao Xu, Qiang Xu, Chun Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Chemosensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/1/10
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author Qinglong Zhang
Jiangchao Xu
Qiang Xu
Chun Liu
author_facet Qinglong Zhang
Jiangchao Xu
Qiang Xu
Chun Liu
author_sort Qinglong Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Three neutral iridium complexes <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> were synthesized using diphenylphosphoryl-substituted 2-phenylpyridine derivatives as the cyclometalating ligand and picolinic acid as the auxiliary ligand. They exhibited significant aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission (AIPE) properties in H<sub>2</sub>O/THF and were successfully used as bi-responsive luminescent sensors for the detection of picric acid (PA) and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in aqueous media. <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> possesses high efficiency and high selectivity for detecting PA and Fe<sup>3+</sup>, with the lowest limit of detection at 59 nM for PA and 390 nM for Fe<sup>3+</sup>. Additionally, the complexes can achieve naked-eye detection of Fe<sup>3+</sup> in aqueous media. <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> exhibit excellent potential for practical applications in complicated environments. The detection mechanism for PA is attributed to photo-induced electron transfer (PET) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), and the detection mechanism for Fe<sup>3+</sup> may be explained by PET and the strong interactions between Fe<sup>3+</sup> and the complexes.
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spelling doaj-art-56ac145e9ff64949a25b848f706ea2fc2025-01-24T13:26:53ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402025-01-011311010.3390/chemosensors13010010AIPE-Active Neutral Ir(III) Complexes as Bi-Responsive Luminescent Chemosensors for Sensing Picric Acid and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in Aqueous MediaQinglong Zhang0Jiangchao Xu1Qiang Xu2Chun Liu3State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, ChinaInstrumental Analysis Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, ChinaThree neutral iridium complexes <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> were synthesized using diphenylphosphoryl-substituted 2-phenylpyridine derivatives as the cyclometalating ligand and picolinic acid as the auxiliary ligand. They exhibited significant aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission (AIPE) properties in H<sub>2</sub>O/THF and were successfully used as bi-responsive luminescent sensors for the detection of picric acid (PA) and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in aqueous media. <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> possesses high efficiency and high selectivity for detecting PA and Fe<sup>3+</sup>, with the lowest limit of detection at 59 nM for PA and 390 nM for Fe<sup>3+</sup>. Additionally, the complexes can achieve naked-eye detection of Fe<sup>3+</sup> in aqueous media. <b>Ir1</b>–<b>Ir3</b> exhibit excellent potential for practical applications in complicated environments. The detection mechanism for PA is attributed to photo-induced electron transfer (PET) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), and the detection mechanism for Fe<sup>3+</sup> may be explained by PET and the strong interactions between Fe<sup>3+</sup> and the complexes.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/1/10neutral iridium(III) complexAIPE propertybi-responsive luminescent chemosensorpicric acidFe<sup>3+</sup>
spellingShingle Qinglong Zhang
Jiangchao Xu
Qiang Xu
Chun Liu
AIPE-Active Neutral Ir(III) Complexes as Bi-Responsive Luminescent Chemosensors for Sensing Picric Acid and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in Aqueous Media
Chemosensors
neutral iridium(III) complex
AIPE property
bi-responsive luminescent chemosensor
picric acid
Fe<sup>3+</sup>
title AIPE-Active Neutral Ir(III) Complexes as Bi-Responsive Luminescent Chemosensors for Sensing Picric Acid and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in Aqueous Media
title_full AIPE-Active Neutral Ir(III) Complexes as Bi-Responsive Luminescent Chemosensors for Sensing Picric Acid and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in Aqueous Media
title_fullStr AIPE-Active Neutral Ir(III) Complexes as Bi-Responsive Luminescent Chemosensors for Sensing Picric Acid and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in Aqueous Media
title_full_unstemmed AIPE-Active Neutral Ir(III) Complexes as Bi-Responsive Luminescent Chemosensors for Sensing Picric Acid and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in Aqueous Media
title_short AIPE-Active Neutral Ir(III) Complexes as Bi-Responsive Luminescent Chemosensors for Sensing Picric Acid and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in Aqueous Media
title_sort aipe active neutral ir iii complexes as bi responsive luminescent chemosensors for sensing picric acid and fe sup 3 sup in aqueous media
topic neutral iridium(III) complex
AIPE property
bi-responsive luminescent chemosensor
picric acid
Fe<sup>3+</sup>
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/1/10
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