Recent Advances in Nose and Lung Organoid Models for Respiratory Viral Research

Studies on human respiratory viral infections and pathogenesis have historically been conducted using immortalized cells and animal models. However, these models are limited in their ability to recapitulate the complex structure of the human airway or the full spectrum of disease symptoms observed i...

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Main Authors: Lennart Svensson, Johan Nordgren, Åke Lundkvist, Marie Hagbom
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/349
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author Lennart Svensson
Johan Nordgren
Åke Lundkvist
Marie Hagbom
author_facet Lennart Svensson
Johan Nordgren
Åke Lundkvist
Marie Hagbom
author_sort Lennart Svensson
collection DOAJ
description Studies on human respiratory viral infections and pathogenesis have historically been conducted using immortalized cells and animal models. However, these models are limited in their ability to recapitulate the complex structure of the human airway or the full spectrum of disease symptoms observed in humans. Recently, nose and lung organoids have revolutionized culture complexity in infection biology and have demonstrated potential for research on respiratory virus infections in humans. In this opinion, we review how advances in human nose and lung organoid models, which are able to express all cell types of the respiratory epithelia, i.e., Club, basal, goblet, and ciliated cells, have provided novel insight into the pathogenesis, age-dependent susceptibility, viral attenuation signature, and immune mechanisms of respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus. The models have also demonstrated potential for studying hitherto uncultivable human viruses and to be useful for studies of zoonotic risk.
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spelling doaj-art-56a7a99ff0a64d4b80eec27181aa091c2025-08-20T03:44:03ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-02-0117334910.3390/v17030349Recent Advances in Nose and Lung Organoid Models for Respiratory Viral ResearchLennart Svensson0Johan Nordgren1Åke Lundkvist2Marie Hagbom3Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, SwedenDivision of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, SwedenZoonosis Science Centre, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, SwedenStudies on human respiratory viral infections and pathogenesis have historically been conducted using immortalized cells and animal models. However, these models are limited in their ability to recapitulate the complex structure of the human airway or the full spectrum of disease symptoms observed in humans. Recently, nose and lung organoids have revolutionized culture complexity in infection biology and have demonstrated potential for research on respiratory virus infections in humans. In this opinion, we review how advances in human nose and lung organoid models, which are able to express all cell types of the respiratory epithelia, i.e., Club, basal, goblet, and ciliated cells, have provided novel insight into the pathogenesis, age-dependent susceptibility, viral attenuation signature, and immune mechanisms of respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus. The models have also demonstrated potential for studying hitherto uncultivable human viruses and to be useful for studies of zoonotic risk.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/349humannasallungstem cellsorganoidsrespiratory virus
spellingShingle Lennart Svensson
Johan Nordgren
Åke Lundkvist
Marie Hagbom
Recent Advances in Nose and Lung Organoid Models for Respiratory Viral Research
Viruses
human
nasal
lung
stem cells
organoids
respiratory virus
title Recent Advances in Nose and Lung Organoid Models for Respiratory Viral Research
title_full Recent Advances in Nose and Lung Organoid Models for Respiratory Viral Research
title_fullStr Recent Advances in Nose and Lung Organoid Models for Respiratory Viral Research
title_full_unstemmed Recent Advances in Nose and Lung Organoid Models for Respiratory Viral Research
title_short Recent Advances in Nose and Lung Organoid Models for Respiratory Viral Research
title_sort recent advances in nose and lung organoid models for respiratory viral research
topic human
nasal
lung
stem cells
organoids
respiratory virus
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/349
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