Improved effective Łojasiewicz inequality and applications

Let $\mathrm {R}$ be a real closed field. Given a closed and bounded semialgebraic set $A \subset \mathrm {R}^n$ and semialgebraic continuous functions $f,g:A \rightarrow \mathrm {R}$ such that $f^{-1}(0) \subset g^{-1}(0)$ , there exist an integer $N> 0$ and...

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Main Authors: Saugata Basu, Ali Mohammad-Nezhad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2024-01-01
Series:Forum of Mathematics, Sigma
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Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2050509424000665/type/journal_article
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author Saugata Basu
Ali Mohammad-Nezhad
author_facet Saugata Basu
Ali Mohammad-Nezhad
author_sort Saugata Basu
collection DOAJ
description Let $\mathrm {R}$ be a real closed field. Given a closed and bounded semialgebraic set $A \subset \mathrm {R}^n$ and semialgebraic continuous functions $f,g:A \rightarrow \mathrm {R}$ such that $f^{-1}(0) \subset g^{-1}(0)$ , there exist an integer $N> 0$ and $c \in \mathrm {R}$ such that the inequality (Łojasiewicz inequality) $|g(x)|^N \le c \cdot |f(x)|$ holds for all $x \in A$ . In this paper, we consider the case when A is defined by a quantifier-free formula with atoms of the form $P = 0, P>0, P \in \mathcal {P}$ for some finite subset of polynomials $\mathcal {P} \subset \mathrm {R}[X_1,\ldots ,X_n]_{\leq d}$ , and the graphs of $f,g$ are also defined by quantifier-free formulas with atoms of the form $Q = 0, Q>0, Q \in \mathcal {Q}$ , for some finite set $\mathcal {Q} \subset \mathrm {R}[X_1,\ldots ,X_n,Y]_{\leq d}$ . We prove that the Łojasiewicz exponent in this case is bounded by $(8 d)^{2(n+7)}$ . Our bound depends on d and n but is independent of the combinatorial parameters, namely the cardinalities of $\mathcal {P}$ and $\mathcal {Q}$ . The previous best-known upper bound in this generality appeared in P. Solernó, Effective Łojasiewicz Inequalities in Semi-Algebraic Geometry, Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing (1991) and depended on the sum of degrees of the polynomials defining $A,f,g$ and thus implicitly on the cardinalities of $\mathcal {P}$ and $\mathcal {Q}$ . As a consequence, we improve the current best error bounds for polynomial systems under some conditions. Finally, we prove a version of Łojasiewicz inequality in polynomially bounded o-minimal structures. We prove the existence of a common upper bound on the Łojasiewicz exponent for certain combinatorially defined infinite (but not necessarily definable) families of pairs of functions. This improves a prior result of Chris Miller (C. Miller, Expansions of the real field with power functions, Ann. Pure Appl. Logic (1994)).
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spelling doaj-art-56a705d1cddf4ab094082889265cfe762025-08-20T02:51:31ZengCambridge University PressForum of Mathematics, Sigma2050-50942024-01-011210.1017/fms.2024.66Improved effective Łojasiewicz inequality and applicationsSaugata Basu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2441-0915Ali Mohammad-Nezhad1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-3218Department of Mathematics, Purdue University, 150 N. University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USADepartment of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 318 Hanes Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3260, USA; E-mail:Let $\mathrm {R}$ be a real closed field. Given a closed and bounded semialgebraic set $A \subset \mathrm {R}^n$ and semialgebraic continuous functions $f,g:A \rightarrow \mathrm {R}$ such that $f^{-1}(0) \subset g^{-1}(0)$ , there exist an integer $N> 0$ and $c \in \mathrm {R}$ such that the inequality (Łojasiewicz inequality) $|g(x)|^N \le c \cdot |f(x)|$ holds for all $x \in A$ . In this paper, we consider the case when A is defined by a quantifier-free formula with atoms of the form $P = 0, P>0, P \in \mathcal {P}$ for some finite subset of polynomials $\mathcal {P} \subset \mathrm {R}[X_1,\ldots ,X_n]_{\leq d}$ , and the graphs of $f,g$ are also defined by quantifier-free formulas with atoms of the form $Q = 0, Q>0, Q \in \mathcal {Q}$ , for some finite set $\mathcal {Q} \subset \mathrm {R}[X_1,\ldots ,X_n,Y]_{\leq d}$ . We prove that the Łojasiewicz exponent in this case is bounded by $(8 d)^{2(n+7)}$ . Our bound depends on d and n but is independent of the combinatorial parameters, namely the cardinalities of $\mathcal {P}$ and $\mathcal {Q}$ . The previous best-known upper bound in this generality appeared in P. Solernó, Effective Łojasiewicz Inequalities in Semi-Algebraic Geometry, Applicable Algebra in Engineering, Communication and Computing (1991) and depended on the sum of degrees of the polynomials defining $A,f,g$ and thus implicitly on the cardinalities of $\mathcal {P}$ and $\mathcal {Q}$ . As a consequence, we improve the current best error bounds for polynomial systems under some conditions. Finally, we prove a version of Łojasiewicz inequality in polynomially bounded o-minimal structures. We prove the existence of a common upper bound on the Łojasiewicz exponent for certain combinatorially defined infinite (but not necessarily definable) families of pairs of functions. This improves a prior result of Chris Miller (C. Miller, Expansions of the real field with power functions, Ann. Pure Appl. Logic (1994)).https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2050509424000665/type/journal_article14P1003C6490C23
spellingShingle Saugata Basu
Ali Mohammad-Nezhad
Improved effective Łojasiewicz inequality and applications
Forum of Mathematics, Sigma
14P10
03C64
90C23
title Improved effective Łojasiewicz inequality and applications
title_full Improved effective Łojasiewicz inequality and applications
title_fullStr Improved effective Łojasiewicz inequality and applications
title_full_unstemmed Improved effective Łojasiewicz inequality and applications
title_short Improved effective Łojasiewicz inequality and applications
title_sort improved effective lojasiewicz inequality and applications
topic 14P10
03C64
90C23
url https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2050509424000665/type/journal_article
work_keys_str_mv AT saugatabasu improvedeffectivełojasiewiczinequalityandapplications
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