Untargeted metabolomics as a tool to assess the impact of dietary approaches on pig gut health: a review

Abstract Metabolomics utilizes advanced analytical profiling techniques to comprehensively measure small molecules in cells, tissues, and biological fluids. Nutritional metabolomics studies in pigs have reported changes in hundreds of metabolites across various sample types, including plasma, serum,...

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Main Authors: Li-Hsuan Chen, Nuria Canibe, Mihai Victor Curtasu, Mette Skou Hedemann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01238-1
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author Li-Hsuan Chen
Nuria Canibe
Mihai Victor Curtasu
Mette Skou Hedemann
author_facet Li-Hsuan Chen
Nuria Canibe
Mihai Victor Curtasu
Mette Skou Hedemann
author_sort Li-Hsuan Chen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Metabolomics utilizes advanced analytical profiling techniques to comprehensively measure small molecules in cells, tissues, and biological fluids. Nutritional metabolomics studies in pigs have reported changes in hundreds of metabolites across various sample types, including plasma, serum, urine, digesta, and feces, following dietary interventions. These findings can help identify biomarkers of gastrointestinal functionality and beyond, as well as investigate mechanistic interactions between diet, host, microbiome, and metabolites. This review aims to summarize the current literature on nutritional metabolomics in pigs and its use to investigate how different dietary approaches impact the gut health of pigs. Here, we critically assessed and categorized the impact of the main macronutrients—carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—along with feed additives such as amino acids, bile acids, and probiotics, as well as feeding strategies like creep feeding, milk replacer introduction, and time-restricted feeding, on the pig metabolome. Additionally, we discuss the potential modes of action of the key affected metabolites on pig gut health.
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institution Kabale University
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series Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
spelling doaj-art-56a6dce2469e426dbfd39b6793ae630a2025-08-20T03:43:10ZengBMCJournal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2049-18912025-07-0116112410.1186/s40104-025-01238-1Untargeted metabolomics as a tool to assess the impact of dietary approaches on pig gut health: a reviewLi-Hsuan Chen0Nuria Canibe1Mihai Victor Curtasu2Mette Skou Hedemann3Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus UniversityDepartment of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus UniversityDepartment of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus UniversityDepartment of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus UniversityAbstract Metabolomics utilizes advanced analytical profiling techniques to comprehensively measure small molecules in cells, tissues, and biological fluids. Nutritional metabolomics studies in pigs have reported changes in hundreds of metabolites across various sample types, including plasma, serum, urine, digesta, and feces, following dietary interventions. These findings can help identify biomarkers of gastrointestinal functionality and beyond, as well as investigate mechanistic interactions between diet, host, microbiome, and metabolites. This review aims to summarize the current literature on nutritional metabolomics in pigs and its use to investigate how different dietary approaches impact the gut health of pigs. Here, we critically assessed and categorized the impact of the main macronutrients—carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—along with feed additives such as amino acids, bile acids, and probiotics, as well as feeding strategies like creep feeding, milk replacer introduction, and time-restricted feeding, on the pig metabolome. Additionally, we discuss the potential modes of action of the key affected metabolites on pig gut health.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01238-1Dietary approachGut healthPigletsUntargeted metabolomics
spellingShingle Li-Hsuan Chen
Nuria Canibe
Mihai Victor Curtasu
Mette Skou Hedemann
Untargeted metabolomics as a tool to assess the impact of dietary approaches on pig gut health: a review
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
Dietary approach
Gut health
Piglets
Untargeted metabolomics
title Untargeted metabolomics as a tool to assess the impact of dietary approaches on pig gut health: a review
title_full Untargeted metabolomics as a tool to assess the impact of dietary approaches on pig gut health: a review
title_fullStr Untargeted metabolomics as a tool to assess the impact of dietary approaches on pig gut health: a review
title_full_unstemmed Untargeted metabolomics as a tool to assess the impact of dietary approaches on pig gut health: a review
title_short Untargeted metabolomics as a tool to assess the impact of dietary approaches on pig gut health: a review
title_sort untargeted metabolomics as a tool to assess the impact of dietary approaches on pig gut health a review
topic Dietary approach
Gut health
Piglets
Untargeted metabolomics
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-025-01238-1
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