Campylobacter colonization and undernutrition in infants in rural eastern Ethiopia — a longitudinal community-based birth cohort study
BackgroundCampylobacter is associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and malnutrition in children. Campylobacter infection could be a linchpin between livestock fecal exposure and health outcomes in low-resource smallholder settings.MethodsWe followed a birth cohort of 106 infants in r...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Dehao Chen Dehao Chen Sarah Lindley McKune Sarah Lindley McKune Yang Yang Ibsa Aliyi Usmane Ibsa Abdusemed Ahmed Jafer Kedir Amin Abdulmuen Mohammed Ibrahim Abadir Jemal Seran Nurmohammad Shaik Amanda Ojeda Bahar Mummed Hassen Loic Deblais Belisa Usmael Ahmedo Kedir Abdi Hassen Mussie Bhrane Xiaolong Li Nitya Singh Kedir Teji Roba Nigel P. French Gireesh Rajashekara Mark J. Manary Jemal Yusuf Hassen Arie Hendrik Havelaar on behalf of the CAGED Research Team |
| author_facet | Dehao Chen Dehao Chen Sarah Lindley McKune Sarah Lindley McKune Yang Yang Ibsa Aliyi Usmane Ibsa Abdusemed Ahmed Jafer Kedir Amin Abdulmuen Mohammed Ibrahim Abadir Jemal Seran Nurmohammad Shaik Amanda Ojeda Bahar Mummed Hassen Loic Deblais Belisa Usmael Ahmedo Kedir Abdi Hassen Mussie Bhrane Xiaolong Li Nitya Singh Kedir Teji Roba Nigel P. French Gireesh Rajashekara Mark J. Manary Jemal Yusuf Hassen Arie Hendrik Havelaar on behalf of the CAGED Research Team |
| author_sort | Dehao Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundCampylobacter is associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and malnutrition in children. Campylobacter infection could be a linchpin between livestock fecal exposure and health outcomes in low-resource smallholder settings.MethodsWe followed a birth cohort of 106 infants in rural smallholder households in eastern Ethiopia up to 13 months of age. We measured anthropometry, surveyed sociodemographic determinants, and collected stool and urine samples. A short survey was conducted during monthly visits, infant stool samples were collected, and Campylobacter spp. was quantified using genus-specific qPCR. In month 13, we collected stool and urine samples to assay for EED biomarkers. We employed regression analyses to assess the associations of household determinants with Campylobacter colonization, EED, and growth faltering.ResultsThe Campylobacter load in infant stools increased with age. The mean length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) decreased from −0.45 at 3–4 months of age to −2.06 at 13 months, while the prevalence of stunting increased from 3 to 51%. The prevalence of EED at 13 months of age was 56%. A higher Campylobacter load was associated with more frequent diarrhea. Prelacteal feeding significantly increased Campylobacter load in the first month of life. Over the whole follow-up period, Campylobacter load was increased by keeping chickens unconfined at home and unsanitary disposal of infant stools while decreased by mothers’ handwashing with soap. Longitudinally, Campylobacter load was positively associated with food insecurity, introduction of complementary foods, and raw milk consumption. There were no significant associations between Campylobacter load, EED, and LAZ.ConclusionThis study found that most determinants associated with increased Campylobacter infection were related to suboptimal feeding practices and hygiene. The findings related to livestock-associated risks were inconclusive. Although stunting, EED, and Campylobacter prevalence rates all increased to high levels by the end of the first year of life, no significant association between them was identified. While additional research is needed to investigate whether findings from this study are replicable in other populations, community efforts to improve infant and young child feeding practices and food hygiene, and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) at the household level, could reduce (cross-)contamination at the point of exposure. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-569e1e9671ef458db00193bec84f86432025-01-07T06:50:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-01-011210.3389/fpubh.2024.14674621467462Campylobacter colonization and undernutrition in infants in rural eastern Ethiopia — a longitudinal community-based birth cohort studyDehao Chen0Dehao Chen1Sarah Lindley McKune2Sarah Lindley McKune3Yang Yang4Ibsa Aliyi Usmane5Ibsa Abdusemed Ahmed6Jafer Kedir Amin7Abdulmuen Mohammed Ibrahim8Abadir Jemal Seran9Nurmohammad Shaik10Amanda Ojeda11Bahar Mummed Hassen12Loic Deblais13Belisa Usmael Ahmedo14Kedir Abdi Hassen15Mussie Bhrane16Xiaolong Li17Nitya Singh18Kedir Teji Roba19Nigel P. French20Gireesh Rajashekara21Mark J. Manary22Jemal Yusuf Hassen23Arie Hendrik Havelaar24on behalf of the CAGED Research Team25Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesDepartment of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDepartment of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesCenter for African Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesDepartment of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesCollege of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Haramaya University, Haramaya, EthiopiaCollege of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, EthiopiaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Haramaya, EthiopiaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Haramaya, EthiopiaOffice of Research Affairs, Haramaya University, Haramaya, EthiopiaDepartment of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States0Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia1Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United StatesCollege of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Haramaya University, Haramaya, EthiopiaCollege of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Haramaya University, Haramaya, EthiopiaCollege of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Haramaya University, Haramaya, EthiopiaDepartment of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States2Department of Animal Sciences, Global Food Systems Institute, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesCollege of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia3School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand1Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United StatesDepartment of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United StatesOffice of Research Affairs, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia2Department of Animal Sciences, Global Food Systems Institute, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States4Innovation Laboratory for Livestock Systems, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesBackgroundCampylobacter is associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and malnutrition in children. Campylobacter infection could be a linchpin between livestock fecal exposure and health outcomes in low-resource smallholder settings.MethodsWe followed a birth cohort of 106 infants in rural smallholder households in eastern Ethiopia up to 13 months of age. We measured anthropometry, surveyed sociodemographic determinants, and collected stool and urine samples. A short survey was conducted during monthly visits, infant stool samples were collected, and Campylobacter spp. was quantified using genus-specific qPCR. In month 13, we collected stool and urine samples to assay for EED biomarkers. We employed regression analyses to assess the associations of household determinants with Campylobacter colonization, EED, and growth faltering.ResultsThe Campylobacter load in infant stools increased with age. The mean length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) decreased from −0.45 at 3–4 months of age to −2.06 at 13 months, while the prevalence of stunting increased from 3 to 51%. The prevalence of EED at 13 months of age was 56%. A higher Campylobacter load was associated with more frequent diarrhea. Prelacteal feeding significantly increased Campylobacter load in the first month of life. Over the whole follow-up period, Campylobacter load was increased by keeping chickens unconfined at home and unsanitary disposal of infant stools while decreased by mothers’ handwashing with soap. Longitudinally, Campylobacter load was positively associated with food insecurity, introduction of complementary foods, and raw milk consumption. There were no significant associations between Campylobacter load, EED, and LAZ.ConclusionThis study found that most determinants associated with increased Campylobacter infection were related to suboptimal feeding practices and hygiene. The findings related to livestock-associated risks were inconclusive. Although stunting, EED, and Campylobacter prevalence rates all increased to high levels by the end of the first year of life, no significant association between them was identified. While additional research is needed to investigate whether findings from this study are replicable in other populations, community efforts to improve infant and young child feeding practices and food hygiene, and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) at the household level, could reduce (cross-)contamination at the point of exposure.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1467462/fullCampylobacterenvironmental enteric dysfunctionundernutritionlongitudinal studyprospective birth cohortEthiopia |
| spellingShingle | Dehao Chen Dehao Chen Sarah Lindley McKune Sarah Lindley McKune Yang Yang Ibsa Aliyi Usmane Ibsa Abdusemed Ahmed Jafer Kedir Amin Abdulmuen Mohammed Ibrahim Abadir Jemal Seran Nurmohammad Shaik Amanda Ojeda Bahar Mummed Hassen Loic Deblais Belisa Usmael Ahmedo Kedir Abdi Hassen Mussie Bhrane Xiaolong Li Nitya Singh Kedir Teji Roba Nigel P. French Gireesh Rajashekara Mark J. Manary Jemal Yusuf Hassen Arie Hendrik Havelaar on behalf of the CAGED Research Team Campylobacter colonization and undernutrition in infants in rural eastern Ethiopia — a longitudinal community-based birth cohort study Frontiers in Public Health Campylobacter environmental enteric dysfunction undernutrition longitudinal study prospective birth cohort Ethiopia |
| title | Campylobacter colonization and undernutrition in infants in rural eastern Ethiopia — a longitudinal community-based birth cohort study |
| title_full | Campylobacter colonization and undernutrition in infants in rural eastern Ethiopia — a longitudinal community-based birth cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Campylobacter colonization and undernutrition in infants in rural eastern Ethiopia — a longitudinal community-based birth cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Campylobacter colonization and undernutrition in infants in rural eastern Ethiopia — a longitudinal community-based birth cohort study |
| title_short | Campylobacter colonization and undernutrition in infants in rural eastern Ethiopia — a longitudinal community-based birth cohort study |
| title_sort | campylobacter colonization and undernutrition in infants in rural eastern ethiopia a longitudinal community based birth cohort study |
| topic | Campylobacter environmental enteric dysfunction undernutrition longitudinal study prospective birth cohort Ethiopia |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1467462/full |
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