The environmental impact of Swedish adolescents’ diets

Adolescence is a critical life stage characterised by rapid development and openness to change. Habits formed during adolescence tend to progress into adulthood, making adolescents a key target group for interventions promoting long-term sustainable dietary patterns. This study quantified the enviro...

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Main Authors: Anna Karin Lindroos, Anna Winkvist, Elin Röös, Elinor Hallström
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Environmental Research: Food Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2976-601X/adde63
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author Anna Karin Lindroos
Anna Winkvist
Elin Röös
Elinor Hallström
author_facet Anna Karin Lindroos
Anna Winkvist
Elin Röös
Elinor Hallström
author_sort Anna Karin Lindroos
collection DOAJ
description Adolescence is a critical life stage characterised by rapid development and openness to change. Habits formed during adolescence tend to progress into adulthood, making adolescents a key target group for interventions promoting long-term sustainable dietary patterns. This study quantified the environmental impact of Swedish adolescents’ diets using eight indicators: carbon footprint, cropland use, new nitrogen (N) and new phosphorous (P) inputs, blue water use, pesticides use, biodiversity impact, and ammonia emissions. The national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–17 ( n = 3099 adolescents, aged 11–12; 14–15; 17–18 years) was used in the analyses. Impacts were compared with per capita global planetary boundaries for the food system for six indicators and described by sex and age-group for all indicators. The carbon footprint, N and P inputs, and biodiversity impacts substantially exceeded planetary boundaries, even in the quartiles with the lowest impacts. Cropland use was slightly above, whereas blue water remained below. All environmental indicators were higher in males than in females, with the highest impacts observed in the oldest males. When standardizing for energy intake, indicators with the highest contribution from red meat and dairy (carbon footprint, cropland use, N input, ammonia emissions) and P input remained higher in males, whereas those dominated by plant-based foods and discretionary foods (blue water, pesticides) were higher in females. Biodiversity impact did not differ by sex. In the oldest female group beverages contributed to almost 40% of the biodiversity impact. This study shows notable differences in environmental impact by age and sex. The results highlight the importance of including multiple environmental indicators to capture diverse impacts of food consumption. Furthermore, they inform policies aiming at promoting sustainable dietary patterns.
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spelling doaj-art-5683a07ba6724774a6f3cdbdc18e30722025-08-20T03:22:25ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research: Food Systems2976-601X2025-01-012202501010.1088/2976-601X/adde63The environmental impact of Swedish adolescents’ dietsAnna Karin Lindroos0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-4300Anna Winkvist1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9122-7240Elin Röös2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3482-2286Elinor Hallström3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0522-3591Department of Risk Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency , Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala university , Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala, SwedenResearch Institutes of Sweden (RISE) , Department of Food and Agriculture, Lund, Sweden; Nutrition, Sustainability and Health Promotion Group, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Kgs Lyngby, DenmarkAdolescence is a critical life stage characterised by rapid development and openness to change. Habits formed during adolescence tend to progress into adulthood, making adolescents a key target group for interventions promoting long-term sustainable dietary patterns. This study quantified the environmental impact of Swedish adolescents’ diets using eight indicators: carbon footprint, cropland use, new nitrogen (N) and new phosphorous (P) inputs, blue water use, pesticides use, biodiversity impact, and ammonia emissions. The national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–17 ( n = 3099 adolescents, aged 11–12; 14–15; 17–18 years) was used in the analyses. Impacts were compared with per capita global planetary boundaries for the food system for six indicators and described by sex and age-group for all indicators. The carbon footprint, N and P inputs, and biodiversity impacts substantially exceeded planetary boundaries, even in the quartiles with the lowest impacts. Cropland use was slightly above, whereas blue water remained below. All environmental indicators were higher in males than in females, with the highest impacts observed in the oldest males. When standardizing for energy intake, indicators with the highest contribution from red meat and dairy (carbon footprint, cropland use, N input, ammonia emissions) and P input remained higher in males, whereas those dominated by plant-based foods and discretionary foods (blue water, pesticides) were higher in females. Biodiversity impact did not differ by sex. In the oldest female group beverages contributed to almost 40% of the biodiversity impact. This study shows notable differences in environmental impact by age and sex. The results highlight the importance of including multiple environmental indicators to capture diverse impacts of food consumption. Furthermore, they inform policies aiming at promoting sustainable dietary patterns.https://doi.org/10.1088/2976-601X/adde63Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–17environmental indicatorsfood systemsdietary intakeplanetary boundariesSAFAD
spellingShingle Anna Karin Lindroos
Anna Winkvist
Elin Röös
Elinor Hallström
The environmental impact of Swedish adolescents’ diets
Environmental Research: Food Systems
Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–17
environmental indicators
food systems
dietary intake
planetary boundaries
SAFAD
title The environmental impact of Swedish adolescents’ diets
title_full The environmental impact of Swedish adolescents’ diets
title_fullStr The environmental impact of Swedish adolescents’ diets
title_full_unstemmed The environmental impact of Swedish adolescents’ diets
title_short The environmental impact of Swedish adolescents’ diets
title_sort environmental impact of swedish adolescents diets
topic Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–17
environmental indicators
food systems
dietary intake
planetary boundaries
SAFAD
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2976-601X/adde63
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