A Review of Recent Developments in Analytical Methods for Determination of Phosphorus from Environmental Samples

Phosphorus is essential to environmental systems because it affects both agricultural productivity and ecological balance. Since it contributes to eutrophication and pollution problems, its existence in a variety of environmental matrices, including soil, water, and air, necessitates precise and eff...

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Main Authors: Tumelo M. Mogashane, Odwa Mapazi, Moshalagae A. Motlatle, Lebohang Mokoena, James Tshilongo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1001
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author Tumelo M. Mogashane
Odwa Mapazi
Moshalagae A. Motlatle
Lebohang Mokoena
James Tshilongo
author_facet Tumelo M. Mogashane
Odwa Mapazi
Moshalagae A. Motlatle
Lebohang Mokoena
James Tshilongo
author_sort Tumelo M. Mogashane
collection DOAJ
description Phosphorus is essential to environmental systems because it affects both agricultural productivity and ecological balance. Since it contributes to eutrophication and pollution problems, its existence in a variety of environmental matrices, including soil, water, and air, necessitates precise and effective determination methods for monitoring and managing its levels. This review paper provides an extensive overview of the latest advancements in analytical techniques for measuring phosphorus in environmental samples. We investigate sophisticated spectroscopic, chromatographic, and electrochemical techniques in addition to conventional approaches like colorimetric analysis. Innovative techniques such as mass spectrometry (MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are also highlighted in this study, along with newly developed technologies such as biosensors, lab-on-a-chip devices, and nanotechnology-based techniques. Real-time and field-deployable monitoring technologies are also covered, with a focus on their advantages and usefulness. Among the techniques reviewed, XRF and colorimetry methods have proven to be the most reliable due to their precision, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability for different sample matrices. While emerging spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques offer promising alternatives, further validation and standardization are needed for routine environmental monitoring. Future research should focus on integrating automated and high-throughput techniques to enhance monitoring capabilities further.
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spelling doaj-art-5682334d4e254f75aae98c97bc3246142025-08-20T02:59:15ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-02-01305100110.3390/molecules30051001A Review of Recent Developments in Analytical Methods for Determination of Phosphorus from Environmental SamplesTumelo M. Mogashane0Odwa Mapazi1Moshalagae A. Motlatle2Lebohang Mokoena3James Tshilongo4Analytical Chemistry Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South AfricaAnalytical Chemistry Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South AfricaAnalytical Chemistry Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South AfricaAnalytical Chemistry Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South AfricaAnalytical Chemistry Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South AfricaPhosphorus is essential to environmental systems because it affects both agricultural productivity and ecological balance. Since it contributes to eutrophication and pollution problems, its existence in a variety of environmental matrices, including soil, water, and air, necessitates precise and effective determination methods for monitoring and managing its levels. This review paper provides an extensive overview of the latest advancements in analytical techniques for measuring phosphorus in environmental samples. We investigate sophisticated spectroscopic, chromatographic, and electrochemical techniques in addition to conventional approaches like colorimetric analysis. Innovative techniques such as mass spectrometry (MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are also highlighted in this study, along with newly developed technologies such as biosensors, lab-on-a-chip devices, and nanotechnology-based techniques. Real-time and field-deployable monitoring technologies are also covered, with a focus on their advantages and usefulness. Among the techniques reviewed, XRF and colorimetry methods have proven to be the most reliable due to their precision, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability for different sample matrices. While emerging spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques offer promising alternatives, further validation and standardization are needed for routine environmental monitoring. Future research should focus on integrating automated and high-throughput techniques to enhance monitoring capabilities further.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1001phosphoruseutrophicationspectrophotometryenvironmental samplescolorimetric methods
spellingShingle Tumelo M. Mogashane
Odwa Mapazi
Moshalagae A. Motlatle
Lebohang Mokoena
James Tshilongo
A Review of Recent Developments in Analytical Methods for Determination of Phosphorus from Environmental Samples
Molecules
phosphorus
eutrophication
spectrophotometry
environmental samples
colorimetric methods
title A Review of Recent Developments in Analytical Methods for Determination of Phosphorus from Environmental Samples
title_full A Review of Recent Developments in Analytical Methods for Determination of Phosphorus from Environmental Samples
title_fullStr A Review of Recent Developments in Analytical Methods for Determination of Phosphorus from Environmental Samples
title_full_unstemmed A Review of Recent Developments in Analytical Methods for Determination of Phosphorus from Environmental Samples
title_short A Review of Recent Developments in Analytical Methods for Determination of Phosphorus from Environmental Samples
title_sort review of recent developments in analytical methods for determination of phosphorus from environmental samples
topic phosphorus
eutrophication
spectrophotometry
environmental samples
colorimetric methods
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1001
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