Novel host factors associated with resistance to highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds inferred from primary cell culture

Abstract Bird species differ in the sensitivity to the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). Here, we infected fibroblasts from 11 bird species with the H5N1 HPAIV strain A/chicken/Yamaguchi/7/2004. These species were categorized into three groups based on previous studies: HPAI-resistant...

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Main Authors: Kei Nabeshima, Shingo Asakura, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Manabu Onuma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01316-4
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author Kei Nabeshima
Shingo Asakura
Yoshihiro Sakoda
Manabu Onuma
author_facet Kei Nabeshima
Shingo Asakura
Yoshihiro Sakoda
Manabu Onuma
author_sort Kei Nabeshima
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Bird species differ in the sensitivity to the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). Here, we infected fibroblasts from 11 bird species with the H5N1 HPAIV strain A/chicken/Yamaguchi/7/2004. These species were categorized into three groups based on previous studies: HPAI-resistant (rock pigeon, hooded crane, white-necked crane, and Japanese crane), HPAI- susceptible (chicken, mountain hawk-eagle, northern goshawk, peregrine falcon, and golden eagle), and those with unknown susceptibility to HPAI (Okinawa rail and Japanese white stork). We performed gene expression analysis to identify genes uniquely upregulated in the HPAI-resistant species and determine genetic markers of HPAIV susceptibility. We found that two genes involved in antiviral response: OAS and IFIT5 expression levels were commonly upregulated after infection in the HPAI-resistant species, but not in the HPAI- susceptible species or species with unknown sensitivity to HPAI. In addition, upregulation ratios of OAS expression at 6 h post-infection and of OAS and IFIT5 at 12 h post-infection were significantly higher in the resistant species than in the susceptible species. We conclude that IFIT5 and OAS could be genetic markers for HPAIV susceptibility, and that Okinawa rail and Japanese white stork are likely susceptible to HPAIV, indicating the need for their conservation and protection against HPAIV infection.
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spelling doaj-art-56676b5037a44648bd80ed552747fa1e2025-08-20T01:59:56ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-011511910.1038/s41598-025-01316-4Novel host factors associated with resistance to highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds inferred from primary cell cultureKei Nabeshima0Shingo Asakura1Yoshihiro Sakoda2Manabu Onuma3Biodiversity Division, Biodiversity Resource Conservation Office, National Institute for Environmental StudiesBiodiversity Division, Biodiversity Resource Conservation Office, National Institute for Environmental StudiesLaboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido UniversityBiodiversity Division, Biodiversity Resource Conservation Office, National Institute for Environmental StudiesAbstract Bird species differ in the sensitivity to the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). Here, we infected fibroblasts from 11 bird species with the H5N1 HPAIV strain A/chicken/Yamaguchi/7/2004. These species were categorized into three groups based on previous studies: HPAI-resistant (rock pigeon, hooded crane, white-necked crane, and Japanese crane), HPAI- susceptible (chicken, mountain hawk-eagle, northern goshawk, peregrine falcon, and golden eagle), and those with unknown susceptibility to HPAI (Okinawa rail and Japanese white stork). We performed gene expression analysis to identify genes uniquely upregulated in the HPAI-resistant species and determine genetic markers of HPAIV susceptibility. We found that two genes involved in antiviral response: OAS and IFIT5 expression levels were commonly upregulated after infection in the HPAI-resistant species, but not in the HPAI- susceptible species or species with unknown sensitivity to HPAI. In addition, upregulation ratios of OAS expression at 6 h post-infection and of OAS and IFIT5 at 12 h post-infection were significantly higher in the resistant species than in the susceptible species. We conclude that IFIT5 and OAS could be genetic markers for HPAIV susceptibility, and that Okinawa rail and Japanese white stork are likely susceptible to HPAIV, indicating the need for their conservation and protection against HPAIV infection.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01316-4Avian fluRNA-seqFibroblastWild birdsEndangered species
spellingShingle Kei Nabeshima
Shingo Asakura
Yoshihiro Sakoda
Manabu Onuma
Novel host factors associated with resistance to highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds inferred from primary cell culture
Scientific Reports
Avian flu
RNA-seq
Fibroblast
Wild birds
Endangered species
title Novel host factors associated with resistance to highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds inferred from primary cell culture
title_full Novel host factors associated with resistance to highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds inferred from primary cell culture
title_fullStr Novel host factors associated with resistance to highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds inferred from primary cell culture
title_full_unstemmed Novel host factors associated with resistance to highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds inferred from primary cell culture
title_short Novel host factors associated with resistance to highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds inferred from primary cell culture
title_sort novel host factors associated with resistance to highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds inferred from primary cell culture
topic Avian flu
RNA-seq
Fibroblast
Wild birds
Endangered species
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01316-4
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