A theoretical assessment of the on-site monitoring of hydrogen-enriched natural gas by its thermodynamic properties

A real-time, on-site monitoring of the concentration of hydrogen and the heating value of a blend of hydrogen and natural gas is of key importance for its safe distribution in existing pipelines, as proposed by the ‘Power-to-Gas’ concept. Although current gas chromatography (PGC) methods deliver thi...

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Main Author: Jorge M. Monsalve
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Energy Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2025.1339598/full
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author Jorge M. Monsalve
author_facet Jorge M. Monsalve
author_sort Jorge M. Monsalve
collection DOAJ
description A real-time, on-site monitoring of the concentration of hydrogen and the heating value of a blend of hydrogen and natural gas is of key importance for its safe distribution in existing pipelines, as proposed by the ‘Power-to-Gas’ concept. Although current gas chromatography (PGC) methods deliver this information accurately, they are unsuitable for a quick and pipeline-integrated measurement. We analyse the possibility to monitor this blend with a combination of sensors of thermodynamic properties—thermal conductivity, speed of sound and density—as a potential substitute for PGC. We propose a numerical method for this multi-sensor detection based on the assumption of ideal gas (i.e., low-pressure) behaviour, treating natural gas as a ‘mixture of mixtures’, depending on how many geographical sources are drawn upon for its distribution. By performing a Monte-Carlo simulation with known concentrations of natural gas proceeding from different European sources, we conclude that the combined measurement of thermal conductivity together with either speed of sound or density can yield a good estimation of both variables of interest (hydrogen concentration and heating value), even under variability in the composition of natural gas.
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spelling doaj-art-565a95eddb09420f8eaeb054c0f9e6782025-08-20T02:56:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Energy Research2296-598X2025-03-011310.3389/fenrg.2025.13395981339598A theoretical assessment of the on-site monitoring of hydrogen-enriched natural gas by its thermodynamic propertiesJorge M. MonsalveA real-time, on-site monitoring of the concentration of hydrogen and the heating value of a blend of hydrogen and natural gas is of key importance for its safe distribution in existing pipelines, as proposed by the ‘Power-to-Gas’ concept. Although current gas chromatography (PGC) methods deliver this information accurately, they are unsuitable for a quick and pipeline-integrated measurement. We analyse the possibility to monitor this blend with a combination of sensors of thermodynamic properties—thermal conductivity, speed of sound and density—as a potential substitute for PGC. We propose a numerical method for this multi-sensor detection based on the assumption of ideal gas (i.e., low-pressure) behaviour, treating natural gas as a ‘mixture of mixtures’, depending on how many geographical sources are drawn upon for its distribution. By performing a Monte-Carlo simulation with known concentrations of natural gas proceeding from different European sources, we conclude that the combined measurement of thermal conductivity together with either speed of sound or density can yield a good estimation of both variables of interest (hydrogen concentration and heating value), even under variability in the composition of natural gas.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2025.1339598/fullhydrogennatural gaspower-to-gasspeed of soundthermal conductivitydensity
spellingShingle Jorge M. Monsalve
A theoretical assessment of the on-site monitoring of hydrogen-enriched natural gas by its thermodynamic properties
Frontiers in Energy Research
hydrogen
natural gas
power-to-gas
speed of sound
thermal conductivity
density
title A theoretical assessment of the on-site monitoring of hydrogen-enriched natural gas by its thermodynamic properties
title_full A theoretical assessment of the on-site monitoring of hydrogen-enriched natural gas by its thermodynamic properties
title_fullStr A theoretical assessment of the on-site monitoring of hydrogen-enriched natural gas by its thermodynamic properties
title_full_unstemmed A theoretical assessment of the on-site monitoring of hydrogen-enriched natural gas by its thermodynamic properties
title_short A theoretical assessment of the on-site monitoring of hydrogen-enriched natural gas by its thermodynamic properties
title_sort theoretical assessment of the on site monitoring of hydrogen enriched natural gas by its thermodynamic properties
topic hydrogen
natural gas
power-to-gas
speed of sound
thermal conductivity
density
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2025.1339598/full
work_keys_str_mv AT jorgemmonsalve atheoreticalassessmentoftheonsitemonitoringofhydrogenenrichednaturalgasbyitsthermodynamicproperties
AT jorgemmonsalve theoreticalassessmentoftheonsitemonitoringofhydrogenenrichednaturalgasbyitsthermodynamicproperties