New insights into mesenchymal stem cells in inflammatory subtypes of asthma

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, heightened reactivity, and structural remodeling. The responses of different phenotypes to traditional corticosteroid therapy vary significantly, with steroid resistance in low T-helper type 2 asthma remaining an urgent...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zheng-yan Hou, Yu-qiu Hao, Lin Zhang, Wei Li, Peng Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1649597/full
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Summary:Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, heightened reactivity, and structural remodeling. The responses of different phenotypes to traditional corticosteroid therapy vary significantly, with steroid resistance in low T-helper type 2 asthma remaining an urgent clinical challenge. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes—mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs)—have emerged as promising therapeutic agents due to their potent immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we systematically explain how MSCs and MSC-EVs inhibit airway inflammation in asthma through multi-target immunoregulation, highlight their therapeutic potential in steroid-resistant asthma, and outline the challenges and optimization strategies involved in clinical translation, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the development of novel therapies.
ISSN:1664-3224