Internal browning detection in red-flesh apple (Malus domestica) using image analysis and acoustic signal-based detection

Uncorrelating red-flesh color and internal browning is a breeding target in the selection of red-flesh elite apple cultivars, and accurate phenotyping methods are needed to study the genetic architecture associated with internal browning. Image analysis combined with machine learning and two-stage d...

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Main Authors: Pierre Bouillon, Etienne Belin, Anne-Laure Fanciullino, Sylvain Hanteville, Yao Letekoma, Frédéric Bernard, Jean-Marc Celton
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Maximum Academic Press 2025-01-01
Series:Fruit Research
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Online Access:https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/frures-0025-0002
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author Pierre Bouillon
Etienne Belin
Anne-Laure Fanciullino
Sylvain Hanteville
Yao Letekoma
Frédéric Bernard
Jean-Marc Celton
author_facet Pierre Bouillon
Etienne Belin
Anne-Laure Fanciullino
Sylvain Hanteville
Yao Letekoma
Frédéric Bernard
Jean-Marc Celton
author_sort Pierre Bouillon
collection DOAJ
description Uncorrelating red-flesh color and internal browning is a breeding target in the selection of red-flesh elite apple cultivars, and accurate phenotyping methods are needed to study the genetic architecture associated with internal browning. Image analysis combined with machine learning and two-stage data acquisition enabled the detection of seven QTLs for brown-related traits on LG1, LG9, and LG10 in four interconnected red-flesh F1 families. A major QTL on LG10, which colocalized with a polyphenol oxidase (PPO), was linked to early internal browning susceptibility. However, internal browning is a temporal and spatial process that involves biochemical (PPO-mediated phenolic oxidation) and structural (cellular integrity) factors. Non-destructive and accurate methods are required to evaluate internal browning throughout fruit senescence. For this purpose, acoustic signal-based detection of internal browning in red-flesh apple was investigated in one red-flesh parent. Machine learning models showed good accuracy in discriminating 'brown' and 'non-brown' signals. cGAN data augmentation outperformed model performances suggesting that extended datasets should lead to better accuracy in internal browning detection. This study shows that acoustic measurement could be a valuable non-destructive tool to discriminate between brown and non-brown apples with potential applications for phenomic selection and/or automatic apple sorting. Altogether, this study provides insights into internal browning physiology in red-flesh apple with future applications in red-flesh breeding.
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spelling doaj-art-564faadc8ef44861b72a6d7a1a836e4c2025-08-20T03:18:54ZengMaximum Academic PressFruit Research2769-46152025-01-015111010.48130/frures-0025-0002frures-0025-0002Internal browning detection in red-flesh apple (Malus domestica) using image analysis and acoustic signal-based detectionPierre Bouillon0Etienne Belin1Anne-Laure Fanciullino2Sylvain Hanteville3Yao Letekoma4Frédéric Bernard5Jean-Marc Celton6L'Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, FranceL'Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, FranceL'Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, FranceL'Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, FranceL'Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, FranceIFO, 49140, Seiches sur le Loir, FranceL'Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, FranceUncorrelating red-flesh color and internal browning is a breeding target in the selection of red-flesh elite apple cultivars, and accurate phenotyping methods are needed to study the genetic architecture associated with internal browning. Image analysis combined with machine learning and two-stage data acquisition enabled the detection of seven QTLs for brown-related traits on LG1, LG9, and LG10 in four interconnected red-flesh F1 families. A major QTL on LG10, which colocalized with a polyphenol oxidase (PPO), was linked to early internal browning susceptibility. However, internal browning is a temporal and spatial process that involves biochemical (PPO-mediated phenolic oxidation) and structural (cellular integrity) factors. Non-destructive and accurate methods are required to evaluate internal browning throughout fruit senescence. For this purpose, acoustic signal-based detection of internal browning in red-flesh apple was investigated in one red-flesh parent. Machine learning models showed good accuracy in discriminating 'brown' and 'non-brown' signals. cGAN data augmentation outperformed model performances suggesting that extended datasets should lead to better accuracy in internal browning detection. This study shows that acoustic measurement could be a valuable non-destructive tool to discriminate between brown and non-brown apples with potential applications for phenomic selection and/or automatic apple sorting. Altogether, this study provides insights into internal browning physiology in red-flesh apple with future applications in red-flesh breeding.https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/frures-0025-0002red-fleshinternal browningqtl analysisacoustic analysisapple geneticsmalus domestica
spellingShingle Pierre Bouillon
Etienne Belin
Anne-Laure Fanciullino
Sylvain Hanteville
Yao Letekoma
Frédéric Bernard
Jean-Marc Celton
Internal browning detection in red-flesh apple (Malus domestica) using image analysis and acoustic signal-based detection
Fruit Research
red-flesh
internal browning
qtl analysis
acoustic analysis
apple genetics
malus domestica
title Internal browning detection in red-flesh apple (Malus domestica) using image analysis and acoustic signal-based detection
title_full Internal browning detection in red-flesh apple (Malus domestica) using image analysis and acoustic signal-based detection
title_fullStr Internal browning detection in red-flesh apple (Malus domestica) using image analysis and acoustic signal-based detection
title_full_unstemmed Internal browning detection in red-flesh apple (Malus domestica) using image analysis and acoustic signal-based detection
title_short Internal browning detection in red-flesh apple (Malus domestica) using image analysis and acoustic signal-based detection
title_sort internal browning detection in red flesh apple malus domestica using image analysis and acoustic signal based detection
topic red-flesh
internal browning
qtl analysis
acoustic analysis
apple genetics
malus domestica
url https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/frures-0025-0002
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