Microscopic and quantitative characterization of germanium-indium bearing by-product from heavy metal metallurgy
Abstract This article presents the results of study on the material characterization of germanium-indium drosses (Ge-In-D). Ge-In-D are a by-product of obtaining zinc and lead, which are currently not processed yet. Due to the exceptionally high concentrations of germanium and indium in them, as wel...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82790-0 |
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| author | Andrzej Piotrowicz Piotr Noga Tomasz Skrzekut Gabriela A. Kozub-Budzyń Maciej Wędrychowicz Dominika Skarupska |
| author_facet | Andrzej Piotrowicz Piotr Noga Tomasz Skrzekut Gabriela A. Kozub-Budzyń Maciej Wędrychowicz Dominika Skarupska |
| author_sort | Andrzej Piotrowicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This article presents the results of study on the material characterization of germanium-indium drosses (Ge-In-D). Ge-In-D are a by-product of obtaining zinc and lead, which are currently not processed yet. Due to the exceptionally high concentrations of germanium and indium in them, as well as the commercial value of these elements, it became important to properly identify Ge-In-D, which was the aim of this work. Ge-In-D were characterized quantitatively and microscopic analyzes were also performed. The chemical composition of Ge-In-D was determined as follows (percentage by mass): 27.195% Sn; 20.737% Pb; 15.764% Cu; 9.782% As; 9.274% Ge; 7.875% In; 3.872% Fe; 2.617% Ag; S, Ni, Zn, Ga, Se, Cd, Sb as the rest. The combination of granulometry and chemical analyzes shows that germanium and indium tend to accumulate in fine fractions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5634b9913cc14cb2ae916b0421551380 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-5634b9913cc14cb2ae916b04215513802025-01-19T12:19:05ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111110.1038/s41598-024-82790-0Microscopic and quantitative characterization of germanium-indium bearing by-product from heavy metal metallurgyAndrzej Piotrowicz0Piotr Noga1Tomasz Skrzekut2Gabriela A. Kozub-Budzyń3Maciej Wędrychowicz4Dominika Skarupska5Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Zielona GoraFaculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of KrakowFaculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of KrakowFaculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of KrakowFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Zielona GoraFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Zielona GoraAbstract This article presents the results of study on the material characterization of germanium-indium drosses (Ge-In-D). Ge-In-D are a by-product of obtaining zinc and lead, which are currently not processed yet. Due to the exceptionally high concentrations of germanium and indium in them, as well as the commercial value of these elements, it became important to properly identify Ge-In-D, which was the aim of this work. Ge-In-D were characterized quantitatively and microscopic analyzes were also performed. The chemical composition of Ge-In-D was determined as follows (percentage by mass): 27.195% Sn; 20.737% Pb; 15.764% Cu; 9.782% As; 9.274% Ge; 7.875% In; 3.872% Fe; 2.617% Ag; S, Ni, Zn, Ga, Se, Cd, Sb as the rest. The combination of granulometry and chemical analyzes shows that germanium and indium tend to accumulate in fine fractions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82790-0 |
| spellingShingle | Andrzej Piotrowicz Piotr Noga Tomasz Skrzekut Gabriela A. Kozub-Budzyń Maciej Wędrychowicz Dominika Skarupska Microscopic and quantitative characterization of germanium-indium bearing by-product from heavy metal metallurgy Scientific Reports |
| title | Microscopic and quantitative characterization of germanium-indium bearing by-product from heavy metal metallurgy |
| title_full | Microscopic and quantitative characterization of germanium-indium bearing by-product from heavy metal metallurgy |
| title_fullStr | Microscopic and quantitative characterization of germanium-indium bearing by-product from heavy metal metallurgy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microscopic and quantitative characterization of germanium-indium bearing by-product from heavy metal metallurgy |
| title_short | Microscopic and quantitative characterization of germanium-indium bearing by-product from heavy metal metallurgy |
| title_sort | microscopic and quantitative characterization of germanium indium bearing by product from heavy metal metallurgy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82790-0 |
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