Psychometric evaluation of the shorter version of expectation regarding aging instrument (ERA-12-Persian) among older adults in Iran
Abstract Background Aging perceptions and expectations influence health behaviors and outcomes in older adults. The Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA-12) instrument has been validated in Western populations, but limited studies have examined its psychometric properties in Asian contexts. As Iran fac...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02956-x |
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| author | Ameneh Yaghoobzadeh Kelly-Ann Allen Motahareh Bagheri Fon Sim Ong Morteza Shamsizadeh |
| author_facet | Ameneh Yaghoobzadeh Kelly-Ann Allen Motahareh Bagheri Fon Sim Ong Morteza Shamsizadeh |
| author_sort | Ameneh Yaghoobzadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Aging perceptions and expectations influence health behaviors and outcomes in older adults. The Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA-12) instrument has been validated in Western populations, but limited studies have examined its psychometric properties in Asian contexts. As Iran faces rapid demographic aging, there is a need for culturally appropriate tools to assess aging expectations. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the ERA-12 among older adults in Iran. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to collect data of 302 older adults in Iran. Psychometric properties of the ERA-12 were evaluated. Validity and reliability tests using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. Cronbach’s alpha (α), and McDonald’s Omega (Ω) Coefficient as measures of internal consistency was used to evaluate the reliability of the Persian version of ERA-12. Results Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the three-factor structure of the ERA-12-Persian scale, explaining 71.99% of the total variance. Model fit indices indicated a good fit (CFI = 0.930, RMSEA = 0.096, SRMR = 0.032). Internal consistency was strong, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.728 to 0.865. Additionally, convergent and discriminant validity were established, supporting the scale’s construct validity. Conclusions The validated ERA-12-Persian scale provides healthcare providers in Iran with a reliable tool to assess aging expectations across physical, mental, and cognitive domains. This instrument enables both the development of culturally-appropriate interventions and comparative studies of aging perceptions between Iranian older adults and other populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-561706ce1e8f4462a7eee0dbb4142cb5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2050-7283 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Psychology |
| spelling | doaj-art-561706ce1e8f4462a7eee0dbb4142cb52025-08-20T03:42:02ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832025-07-011311810.1186/s40359-025-02956-xPsychometric evaluation of the shorter version of expectation regarding aging instrument (ERA-12-Persian) among older adults in IranAmeneh Yaghoobzadeh0Kelly-Ann Allen1Motahareh Bagheri2Fon Sim Ong3Morteza Shamsizadeh4Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical SciencesSchool of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash UniversityStudent Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesCurtin University MalaysiaSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Aging perceptions and expectations influence health behaviors and outcomes in older adults. The Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA-12) instrument has been validated in Western populations, but limited studies have examined its psychometric properties in Asian contexts. As Iran faces rapid demographic aging, there is a need for culturally appropriate tools to assess aging expectations. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the ERA-12 among older adults in Iran. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to collect data of 302 older adults in Iran. Psychometric properties of the ERA-12 were evaluated. Validity and reliability tests using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. Cronbach’s alpha (α), and McDonald’s Omega (Ω) Coefficient as measures of internal consistency was used to evaluate the reliability of the Persian version of ERA-12. Results Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the three-factor structure of the ERA-12-Persian scale, explaining 71.99% of the total variance. Model fit indices indicated a good fit (CFI = 0.930, RMSEA = 0.096, SRMR = 0.032). Internal consistency was strong, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.728 to 0.865. Additionally, convergent and discriminant validity were established, supporting the scale’s construct validity. Conclusions The validated ERA-12-Persian scale provides healthcare providers in Iran with a reliable tool to assess aging expectations across physical, mental, and cognitive domains. This instrument enables both the development of culturally-appropriate interventions and comparative studies of aging perceptions between Iranian older adults and other populations.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02956-xPsychometricsExpectation regarding agingOlder peopleAgingIran |
| spellingShingle | Ameneh Yaghoobzadeh Kelly-Ann Allen Motahareh Bagheri Fon Sim Ong Morteza Shamsizadeh Psychometric evaluation of the shorter version of expectation regarding aging instrument (ERA-12-Persian) among older adults in Iran BMC Psychology Psychometrics Expectation regarding aging Older people Aging Iran |
| title | Psychometric evaluation of the shorter version of expectation regarding aging instrument (ERA-12-Persian) among older adults in Iran |
| title_full | Psychometric evaluation of the shorter version of expectation regarding aging instrument (ERA-12-Persian) among older adults in Iran |
| title_fullStr | Psychometric evaluation of the shorter version of expectation regarding aging instrument (ERA-12-Persian) among older adults in Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Psychometric evaluation of the shorter version of expectation regarding aging instrument (ERA-12-Persian) among older adults in Iran |
| title_short | Psychometric evaluation of the shorter version of expectation regarding aging instrument (ERA-12-Persian) among older adults in Iran |
| title_sort | psychometric evaluation of the shorter version of expectation regarding aging instrument era 12 persian among older adults in iran |
| topic | Psychometrics Expectation regarding aging Older people Aging Iran |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02956-x |
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