A Wearable Microphone Array Helmet for Automotive Applications

Growing interest in microphone array technology has been observed in the automotive industry and in this work, specifically, for Active Noise Control (ANC) systems. However, the human presence always limits the usage of microphone arrays in driving conditions at the driver’s seat. This is often the...

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Main Authors: Daniel Pinardi, Andrea Toscani, Marco Binelli, Angelo Farina, Jong-Suh Park
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3202
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author Daniel Pinardi
Andrea Toscani
Marco Binelli
Angelo Farina
Jong-Suh Park
author_facet Daniel Pinardi
Andrea Toscani
Marco Binelli
Angelo Farina
Jong-Suh Park
author_sort Daniel Pinardi
collection DOAJ
description Growing interest in microphone array technology has been observed in the automotive industry and in this work, specifically, for Active Noise Control (ANC) systems. However, the human presence always limits the usage of microphone arrays in driving conditions at the driver’s seat. This is often the most important position of the car cabin; a wearable microphone array is particularly interesting. In this paper, a wearable helmet microphone array is presented featuring 32 microphones arranged over the surface of a helmet, which also integrates a specially designed Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter, delivering digital signals over the Automotive Audio Bus (A<sup>2</sup>B). Digital signals are collected using a control unit located in the passenger compartment. The control unit can either deliver digital signals to a personal computer or analog signals to an external acquisition system, by means of Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converters. A prototype was built and acoustically characterized to calculate the beamforming filter matrix required to convert the recordings (pressure signals) into Ambisonics signals (a spatial audio format). The proposed solution was compared to the reference spherical microphone array of the last decade, demonstrating better performance in sound source localization at low frequencies, where ANC systems are mostly effective.
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issn 2076-3417
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spelling doaj-art-56122ea170cc4366a6e49a1fac0cfbc02025-08-20T02:11:04ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01156320210.3390/app15063202A Wearable Microphone Array Helmet for Automotive ApplicationsDaniel Pinardi0Andrea Toscani1Marco Binelli2Angelo Farina3Jong-Suh Park4Department of Engineering for Industrial Systems and Technologies, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Engineering for Industrial Systems and Technologies, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Engineering for Industrial Systems and Technologies, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, ItalyAutomotive R&D Division, Hyundai Motor Company, Namyang-eup, Hwaseong-si 18280, Gyeongi-do, Republic of KoreaGrowing interest in microphone array technology has been observed in the automotive industry and in this work, specifically, for Active Noise Control (ANC) systems. However, the human presence always limits the usage of microphone arrays in driving conditions at the driver’s seat. This is often the most important position of the car cabin; a wearable microphone array is particularly interesting. In this paper, a wearable helmet microphone array is presented featuring 32 microphones arranged over the surface of a helmet, which also integrates a specially designed Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter, delivering digital signals over the Automotive Audio Bus (A<sup>2</sup>B). Digital signals are collected using a control unit located in the passenger compartment. The control unit can either deliver digital signals to a personal computer or analog signals to an external acquisition system, by means of Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converters. A prototype was built and acoustically characterized to calculate the beamforming filter matrix required to convert the recordings (pressure signals) into Ambisonics signals (a spatial audio format). The proposed solution was compared to the reference spherical microphone array of the last decade, demonstrating better performance in sound source localization at low frequencies, where ANC systems are mostly effective.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3202active noise control (ANC)AmbisonicsAutomotive Audio Bus (A<sup>2</sup>B)beamformingimmersive audiomicrophone array
spellingShingle Daniel Pinardi
Andrea Toscani
Marco Binelli
Angelo Farina
Jong-Suh Park
A Wearable Microphone Array Helmet for Automotive Applications
Applied Sciences
active noise control (ANC)
Ambisonics
Automotive Audio Bus (A<sup>2</sup>B)
beamforming
immersive audio
microphone array
title A Wearable Microphone Array Helmet for Automotive Applications
title_full A Wearable Microphone Array Helmet for Automotive Applications
title_fullStr A Wearable Microphone Array Helmet for Automotive Applications
title_full_unstemmed A Wearable Microphone Array Helmet for Automotive Applications
title_short A Wearable Microphone Array Helmet for Automotive Applications
title_sort wearable microphone array helmet for automotive applications
topic active noise control (ANC)
Ambisonics
Automotive Audio Bus (A<sup>2</sup>B)
beamforming
immersive audio
microphone array
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3202
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