Antiproliferative effect of bitter melon (momordica charantia) seed and fruit extracts through the non-genomic oestrogen receptor signaling pathway on oestrogen-sensitive endometrium cancer cells
Background and Aims: Momordica charantia has garnered much attention as an alternative medicine due to its phytopharmaceutical content and anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to demonstrate the anti-cancer potential of M. charantia fruit extract (McFE) and seed extract (McSE) by investigating t...
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Istanbul University Press
2025-05-01
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| Series: | İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy |
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| Online Access: | https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8054C03ED24B4C9D8FDC2E1EC2485A34 |
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| _version_ | 1850035446922346496 |
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| author | Kardelen Azgın Ahmet Cumaoğlu |
| author_facet | Kardelen Azgın Ahmet Cumaoğlu |
| author_sort | Kardelen Azgın |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aims: Momordica charantia has garnered much attention as an alternative medicine due to its phytopharmaceutical content and anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to demonstrate the anti-cancer potential of M. charantia fruit extract (McFE) and seed extract (McSE) by investigating their effects on the migration and proliferation of human endometrial cancer (EC) cells as well as on the activation (phosphorylation) of non-genomic oestrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathway kinases and caspase-9 phosphorylation.Methods: McFE and McSE samples were extracted with ethanol using the maceration method. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]−2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) test was used to evaluate EC cell (RL 95-2) viability, Western blot was used to analyse protein phosphorylation, and cell migration was evaluated using a wound-healing assay. Results: Cell proliferation was inhibited by McSE and McFE, with IC₅₀ values of 134,8 μg/mL and 165,9 μg/ mL, respectively. The phosphorylation of non-genomic ER signaling kinases, such as extracellular signalregulated kinases (ERK1/2) (8.59-fold), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK) (13.99-fold), and protein kinase B (AKT) (4.52-fold), increased in comparison to control cells after a short (15 min.) treatment with low concentrations (1 nM) of 17 β-oestradiol. The phosphorylation of caspase-9 (Thr125 2.59 fold, Ser196 3.48 fold) was additionally elevated by oestradiol treatment. The activation of ERK1/2, P38MAPK and AKT, and the phosphorylation of caspase-9 were significantly decreased by treatment with McSE and McFE. Additionally, the relative closure of the scratch in the cell migration assay was significantly reduced after treatment with McSE and McFE. Conclusion: M. charantia can induce cell death in EC cells by preventing the phosphorylation of caspase-9 and non-genomic kinases involved in the ER signaling pathway. These findings imply that M. charantia could be used as an alternative supportive treatment for EC. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5610d3c2295b426eb8d38d058aef06a4 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2587-2087 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Istanbul University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy |
| spelling | doaj-art-5610d3c2295b426eb8d38d058aef06a42025-08-20T02:57:29ZengIstanbul University Pressİstanbul Journal of Pharmacy2587-20872025-05-0155118419110.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1536196123456Antiproliferative effect of bitter melon (momordica charantia) seed and fruit extracts through the non-genomic oestrogen receptor signaling pathway on oestrogen-sensitive endometrium cancer cellsKardelen Azgınhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-6986-1591Ahmet Cumaoğlu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3997-7746Erciyes Üniversitesi, Kayseri, TurkiyeBackground and Aims: Momordica charantia has garnered much attention as an alternative medicine due to its phytopharmaceutical content and anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to demonstrate the anti-cancer potential of M. charantia fruit extract (McFE) and seed extract (McSE) by investigating their effects on the migration and proliferation of human endometrial cancer (EC) cells as well as on the activation (phosphorylation) of non-genomic oestrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathway kinases and caspase-9 phosphorylation.Methods: McFE and McSE samples were extracted with ethanol using the maceration method. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]−2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) test was used to evaluate EC cell (RL 95-2) viability, Western blot was used to analyse protein phosphorylation, and cell migration was evaluated using a wound-healing assay. Results: Cell proliferation was inhibited by McSE and McFE, with IC₅₀ values of 134,8 μg/mL and 165,9 μg/ mL, respectively. The phosphorylation of non-genomic ER signaling kinases, such as extracellular signalregulated kinases (ERK1/2) (8.59-fold), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK) (13.99-fold), and protein kinase B (AKT) (4.52-fold), increased in comparison to control cells after a short (15 min.) treatment with low concentrations (1 nM) of 17 β-oestradiol. The phosphorylation of caspase-9 (Thr125 2.59 fold, Ser196 3.48 fold) was additionally elevated by oestradiol treatment. The activation of ERK1/2, P38MAPK and AKT, and the phosphorylation of caspase-9 were significantly decreased by treatment with McSE and McFE. Additionally, the relative closure of the scratch in the cell migration assay was significantly reduced after treatment with McSE and McFE. Conclusion: M. charantia can induce cell death in EC cells by preventing the phosphorylation of caspase-9 and non-genomic kinases involved in the ER signaling pathway. These findings imply that M. charantia could be used as an alternative supportive treatment for EC.https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8054C03ED24B4C9D8FDC2E1EC2485A3417 β-oestradiolendometrium cancernon-genomic oestrogen signaling pathwaycaspase-9momordica charantia |
| spellingShingle | Kardelen Azgın Ahmet Cumaoğlu Antiproliferative effect of bitter melon (momordica charantia) seed and fruit extracts through the non-genomic oestrogen receptor signaling pathway on oestrogen-sensitive endometrium cancer cells İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 17 β-oestradiol endometrium cancer non-genomic oestrogen signaling pathway caspase-9 momordica charantia |
| title | Antiproliferative effect of bitter melon (momordica charantia) seed and fruit extracts through the non-genomic oestrogen receptor signaling pathway on oestrogen-sensitive endometrium cancer cells |
| title_full | Antiproliferative effect of bitter melon (momordica charantia) seed and fruit extracts through the non-genomic oestrogen receptor signaling pathway on oestrogen-sensitive endometrium cancer cells |
| title_fullStr | Antiproliferative effect of bitter melon (momordica charantia) seed and fruit extracts through the non-genomic oestrogen receptor signaling pathway on oestrogen-sensitive endometrium cancer cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antiproliferative effect of bitter melon (momordica charantia) seed and fruit extracts through the non-genomic oestrogen receptor signaling pathway on oestrogen-sensitive endometrium cancer cells |
| title_short | Antiproliferative effect of bitter melon (momordica charantia) seed and fruit extracts through the non-genomic oestrogen receptor signaling pathway on oestrogen-sensitive endometrium cancer cells |
| title_sort | antiproliferative effect of bitter melon momordica charantia seed and fruit extracts through the non genomic oestrogen receptor signaling pathway on oestrogen sensitive endometrium cancer cells |
| topic | 17 β-oestradiol endometrium cancer non-genomic oestrogen signaling pathway caspase-9 momordica charantia |
| url | https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8054C03ED24B4C9D8FDC2E1EC2485A34 |
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