Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Plasma Levels in Patients with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Background: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO) accumulation exacerbates inflammation and contributes to oxidative stress. These complications are putatively linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the known associations, the variation i...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Marcia Ribeiro Julie Ann Kemp Ludmila Cardozo Drielly Vargas Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves Peter Stenvinkel Denise Mafra |
| author_facet | Marcia Ribeiro Julie Ann Kemp Ludmila Cardozo Drielly Vargas Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves Peter Stenvinkel Denise Mafra |
| author_sort | Marcia Ribeiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO) accumulation exacerbates inflammation and contributes to oxidative stress. These complications are putatively linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the known associations, the variation in TMAO plasma levels across different CKD stages and dialysis modalities remains underexplored. This study aimed to quantify TMAO plasma levels in different CKD stages and dialysis treatments. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed TMAO plasma levels in non-dialysis CKD patients (ND), patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), and peritoneal dialysis (PD). TMAO plasma levels were assessed by liquid chromatography coupled to triple mass spectrometry quadrupole. Results: In total, 15 ND patients [stages 3–5, glomerular filtration rate 41.4 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, 64 (IQR = 12.5) years, BMI 25.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, eight women]; 14 PD patients [57.5 (IQR = 8.5) years, BMI of 27.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, nine women]; and 34 HD patients [43.5 (IQR = 45.5) years, BMI of 24.4 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, nineteen women] were analyzed. ND patients had lower TMAO levels when compared to the HD (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and PD patients (<i>p</i> = 0.001). There was no difference in TMAO levels between patients undergoing dialysis (<i>p</i> < 0.59). There was a negative correlation between TMAO and HDL plasma levels [rho = −0.380 (<i>p</i> < 0.004)], calcium [rho = −0.321 (<i>p</i> < 0.016)], and albumin [rho = −0.416 (<i>p</i> < 0.001)]. In addition, a positive correlation between TMAO and urea levels was observed [rho = 0.717 (<i>p</i> < 0.001)]. Conclusions: CKD stages impact TMAO levels since patients on non-dialysis treatment had lower levels than patients on HD and PD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-56077327250c455d8238719b330f7805 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-56077327250c455d8238719b330f78052025-01-24T13:51:11ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512024-12-011711510.3390/toxins17010015Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Plasma Levels in Patients with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney DiseaseMarcia Ribeiro0Julie Ann Kemp1Ludmila Cardozo2Drielly Vargas3Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves4Peter Stenvinkel5Denise Mafra6Graduate Program in Biological Sciences—Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-630, BrazilGraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 24220-900, BrazilGraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 24220-900, BrazilDivision of Nephrology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-630, BrazilHIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Infectology (INI/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, BrazilDivision of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology, and Intervention, Karolinska Institute, 141-86 Stockholm, SwedenGraduate Program in Biological Sciences—Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-630, BrazilBackground: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO) accumulation exacerbates inflammation and contributes to oxidative stress. These complications are putatively linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the known associations, the variation in TMAO plasma levels across different CKD stages and dialysis modalities remains underexplored. This study aimed to quantify TMAO plasma levels in different CKD stages and dialysis treatments. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed TMAO plasma levels in non-dialysis CKD patients (ND), patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), and peritoneal dialysis (PD). TMAO plasma levels were assessed by liquid chromatography coupled to triple mass spectrometry quadrupole. Results: In total, 15 ND patients [stages 3–5, glomerular filtration rate 41.4 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, 64 (IQR = 12.5) years, BMI 25.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, eight women]; 14 PD patients [57.5 (IQR = 8.5) years, BMI of 27.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, nine women]; and 34 HD patients [43.5 (IQR = 45.5) years, BMI of 24.4 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, nineteen women] were analyzed. ND patients had lower TMAO levels when compared to the HD (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and PD patients (<i>p</i> = 0.001). There was no difference in TMAO levels between patients undergoing dialysis (<i>p</i> < 0.59). There was a negative correlation between TMAO and HDL plasma levels [rho = −0.380 (<i>p</i> < 0.004)], calcium [rho = −0.321 (<i>p</i> < 0.016)], and albumin [rho = −0.416 (<i>p</i> < 0.001)]. In addition, a positive correlation between TMAO and urea levels was observed [rho = 0.717 (<i>p</i> < 0.001)]. Conclusions: CKD stages impact TMAO levels since patients on non-dialysis treatment had lower levels than patients on HD and PD.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/1/15chronic kidney diseaseuremic toxinsdialysistrimethylamine N-oxide |
| spellingShingle | Marcia Ribeiro Julie Ann Kemp Ludmila Cardozo Drielly Vargas Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves Peter Stenvinkel Denise Mafra Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Plasma Levels in Patients with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease Toxins chronic kidney disease uremic toxins dialysis trimethylamine N-oxide |
| title | Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Plasma Levels in Patients with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_full | Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Plasma Levels in Patients with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_fullStr | Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Plasma Levels in Patients with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Plasma Levels in Patients with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_short | Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Plasma Levels in Patients with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_sort | trimethylamine n oxide tmao plasma levels in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease |
| topic | chronic kidney disease uremic toxins dialysis trimethylamine N-oxide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/1/15 |
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