Investigating QED effects on the thin accretion disk properties around rotating Euler–Heisenberg black holes

Abstract The Einstein–Euler–Heisenberg (EEH) black hole model represents an extension of classical black hole solutions in general relativity by incorporating quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections. These corrections are introduced through the inclusion of the Euler–Heisenberg Lagrangian, which ac...

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Main Authors: Kourosh Nozari, Sara Saghafi, Fatemeh Aliyan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14433-1
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author Kourosh Nozari
Sara Saghafi
Fatemeh Aliyan
author_facet Kourosh Nozari
Sara Saghafi
Fatemeh Aliyan
author_sort Kourosh Nozari
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Einstein–Euler–Heisenberg (EEH) black hole model represents an extension of classical black hole solutions in general relativity by incorporating quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections. These corrections are introduced through the inclusion of the Euler–Heisenberg Lagrangian, which accounts for the nonlinear effects of QED in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields. This study investigates the observational properties of a thin accretion disk surrounding the electrically charged rotating EEH black hole. By exploring the influence of the spin parameter and charge on key dynamical quantities – such as the energy, angular momentum, angular velocity, and the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of a test particle – it becomes possible to analyze the radiative flux, temperature distribution, and differential luminosity of the thin accretion disk in the spacetime of the charged rotating EEH black hole. The results are compared to those of Kerr and Kerr–Newman black holes in General relativity, revealing that QED corrections are found to increase the ISCO radius. Specifically, for a fixed electric charge, an increasing spin parameter leads to a larger ISCO radius compared to the standard Kerr black holes, as a result of additional electromagnetic corrections introduced by the Euler–Heisenberg theory. Conversely, when the spin parameter is held constant, an increase in the electric charge reduces the ISCO radius. Additionally, thin accretion disks around charged EEH rotating black holes exhibit higher temperatures and greater efficiency when the spin parameter is fixed and the electric charge is increased. However, for a constant electric charge, increasing the spin parameter results in an accretion disk that is cooler and has lower radiant efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of accretion disk processes as valuable tools for probing Euler–Heisenberg theory through astrophysical observations.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-5602c66df160487196e2006b849af9ee2025-08-20T03:37:40ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields1434-60522025-07-0185711110.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14433-1Investigating QED effects on the thin accretion disk properties around rotating Euler–Heisenberg black holesKourosh Nozari0Sara Saghafi1Fatemeh Aliyan2Department of Theoretical Physics, University of MazandaranDepartment of Theoretical Physics, University of MazandaranDepartment of Theoretical Physics, University of MazandaranAbstract The Einstein–Euler–Heisenberg (EEH) black hole model represents an extension of classical black hole solutions in general relativity by incorporating quantum electrodynamic (QED) corrections. These corrections are introduced through the inclusion of the Euler–Heisenberg Lagrangian, which accounts for the nonlinear effects of QED in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields. This study investigates the observational properties of a thin accretion disk surrounding the electrically charged rotating EEH black hole. By exploring the influence of the spin parameter and charge on key dynamical quantities – such as the energy, angular momentum, angular velocity, and the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of a test particle – it becomes possible to analyze the radiative flux, temperature distribution, and differential luminosity of the thin accretion disk in the spacetime of the charged rotating EEH black hole. The results are compared to those of Kerr and Kerr–Newman black holes in General relativity, revealing that QED corrections are found to increase the ISCO radius. Specifically, for a fixed electric charge, an increasing spin parameter leads to a larger ISCO radius compared to the standard Kerr black holes, as a result of additional electromagnetic corrections introduced by the Euler–Heisenberg theory. Conversely, when the spin parameter is held constant, an increase in the electric charge reduces the ISCO radius. Additionally, thin accretion disks around charged EEH rotating black holes exhibit higher temperatures and greater efficiency when the spin parameter is fixed and the electric charge is increased. However, for a constant electric charge, increasing the spin parameter results in an accretion disk that is cooler and has lower radiant efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of accretion disk processes as valuable tools for probing Euler–Heisenberg theory through astrophysical observations.https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14433-1
spellingShingle Kourosh Nozari
Sara Saghafi
Fatemeh Aliyan
Investigating QED effects on the thin accretion disk properties around rotating Euler–Heisenberg black holes
European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields
title Investigating QED effects on the thin accretion disk properties around rotating Euler–Heisenberg black holes
title_full Investigating QED effects on the thin accretion disk properties around rotating Euler–Heisenberg black holes
title_fullStr Investigating QED effects on the thin accretion disk properties around rotating Euler–Heisenberg black holes
title_full_unstemmed Investigating QED effects on the thin accretion disk properties around rotating Euler–Heisenberg black holes
title_short Investigating QED effects on the thin accretion disk properties around rotating Euler–Heisenberg black holes
title_sort investigating qed effects on the thin accretion disk properties around rotating euler heisenberg black holes
url https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14433-1
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AT sarasaghafi investigatingqedeffectsonthethinaccretiondiskpropertiesaroundrotatingeulerheisenbergblackholes
AT fatemehaliyan investigatingqedeffectsonthethinaccretiondiskpropertiesaroundrotatingeulerheisenbergblackholes