Paleoliquefaction Study and Earthquake Source Characterization of the Central Virginia Seismic Zone, Eastern United States

In 2011, a <b>M</b> 5.7, earthquake struck near Mineral, Virginia, about 130 km southwest of Washington, D.C., prompting studies on paleoliquefaction to better understand the earthquake potential of the Central Virginia seismic zone and the hazard it poses to the Mid-Atlantic region. Res...

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Main Authors: Martitia P. Tuttle, Steven L. Forman, Kathleen Dyer-Williams, Kathleen Tucker, Carlos Velez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:GeoHazards
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-795X/6/1/13
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author Martitia P. Tuttle
Steven L. Forman
Kathleen Dyer-Williams
Kathleen Tucker
Carlos Velez
author_facet Martitia P. Tuttle
Steven L. Forman
Kathleen Dyer-Williams
Kathleen Tucker
Carlos Velez
author_sort Martitia P. Tuttle
collection DOAJ
description In 2011, a <b>M</b> 5.7, earthquake struck near Mineral, Virginia, about 130 km southwest of Washington, D.C., prompting studies on paleoliquefaction to better understand the earthquake potential of the Central Virginia seismic zone and the hazard it poses to the Mid-Atlantic region. Researchers identified earthquake-induced liquefaction features along the Appomattox and Rapidan rivers, dated sediment and estimated the ages of these liquefaction features as well as features previously found along several other rivers in the seismic zone, and evaluated scenario earthquakes to constrain the locations and magnitudes of past earthquakes. Evidence suggests that historical earthquakes (<b>M</b> 5.25–5.5) in 1758, 1774, and 1875 C.E. caused liquefaction along the Appomattox, James, and Pamunkey Rivers, and a paleoearthquake (<b>M</b> 6.5–6.75) around 2640 ± 80 yr B.P. near Wyndham Forest caused liquefaction along the Appomattox River and across the seismic zone. Similarly, an earthquake (<b>M</b> 5.5–5.75) around 1690 ± 50 yr C.E. may have triggered liquefaction along the Rapidan River.
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spelling doaj-art-55e9341c8f644f9db6a892d8d72230492025-08-20T02:42:32ZengMDPI AGGeoHazards2624-795X2025-03-01611310.3390/geohazards6010013Paleoliquefaction Study and Earthquake Source Characterization of the Central Virginia Seismic Zone, Eastern United StatesMartitia P. Tuttle0Steven L. Forman1Kathleen Dyer-Williams2Kathleen Tucker3Carlos Velez4M. Tuttle & Associates, P.O. Box 345, Georgetown, ME 04548, USADepartment of Geosciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USAM. Tuttle & Associates, P.O. Box 345, Georgetown, ME 04548, USAM. Tuttle & Associates, P.O. Box 345, Georgetown, ME 04548, USAM. Tuttle & Associates, P.O. Box 345, Georgetown, ME 04548, USAIn 2011, a <b>M</b> 5.7, earthquake struck near Mineral, Virginia, about 130 km southwest of Washington, D.C., prompting studies on paleoliquefaction to better understand the earthquake potential of the Central Virginia seismic zone and the hazard it poses to the Mid-Atlantic region. Researchers identified earthquake-induced liquefaction features along the Appomattox and Rapidan rivers, dated sediment and estimated the ages of these liquefaction features as well as features previously found along several other rivers in the seismic zone, and evaluated scenario earthquakes to constrain the locations and magnitudes of past earthquakes. Evidence suggests that historical earthquakes (<b>M</b> 5.25–5.5) in 1758, 1774, and 1875 C.E. caused liquefaction along the Appomattox, James, and Pamunkey Rivers, and a paleoearthquake (<b>M</b> 6.5–6.75) around 2640 ± 80 yr B.P. near Wyndham Forest caused liquefaction along the Appomattox River and across the seismic zone. Similarly, an earthquake (<b>M</b> 5.5–5.75) around 1690 ± 50 yr C.E. may have triggered liquefaction along the Rapidan River.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-795X/6/1/13earthquake-induced liquefactionpaleoearthquakesearthquake potentialradiocarbon datingoptically-stimulated luminescence datingCentral Virginia seismic zone
spellingShingle Martitia P. Tuttle
Steven L. Forman
Kathleen Dyer-Williams
Kathleen Tucker
Carlos Velez
Paleoliquefaction Study and Earthquake Source Characterization of the Central Virginia Seismic Zone, Eastern United States
GeoHazards
earthquake-induced liquefaction
paleoearthquakes
earthquake potential
radiocarbon dating
optically-stimulated luminescence dating
Central Virginia seismic zone
title Paleoliquefaction Study and Earthquake Source Characterization of the Central Virginia Seismic Zone, Eastern United States
title_full Paleoliquefaction Study and Earthquake Source Characterization of the Central Virginia Seismic Zone, Eastern United States
title_fullStr Paleoliquefaction Study and Earthquake Source Characterization of the Central Virginia Seismic Zone, Eastern United States
title_full_unstemmed Paleoliquefaction Study and Earthquake Source Characterization of the Central Virginia Seismic Zone, Eastern United States
title_short Paleoliquefaction Study and Earthquake Source Characterization of the Central Virginia Seismic Zone, Eastern United States
title_sort paleoliquefaction study and earthquake source characterization of the central virginia seismic zone eastern united states
topic earthquake-induced liquefaction
paleoearthquakes
earthquake potential
radiocarbon dating
optically-stimulated luminescence dating
Central Virginia seismic zone
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-795X/6/1/13
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