Explainable artificial intelligence for sustainable urban water systems engineering

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has potential for revolutionary improvements in operational efficiency, resilience, and decision-making in the engineering of sustainable urban water systems. Presenting cutting-edge approaches in XAI (such as SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations), LIME (Loca...

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Main Authors: Shofia Saghya Infant, Sundaram Vickram, A Saravanan, C M Mathan Muthu, Devarajan Yuarajan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302500430X
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author Shofia Saghya Infant
Sundaram Vickram
A Saravanan
C M Mathan Muthu
Devarajan Yuarajan
author_facet Shofia Saghya Infant
Sundaram Vickram
A Saravanan
C M Mathan Muthu
Devarajan Yuarajan
author_sort Shofia Saghya Infant
collection DOAJ
description Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has potential for revolutionary improvements in operational efficiency, resilience, and decision-making in the engineering of sustainable urban water systems. Presenting cutting-edge approaches in XAI (such as SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations), LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations), and counterfactual analysis), this review defines the evolution of explainability approaches specifically for hydrological modelling, demand prediction, and leak detection. As an example, the SHAP values have quantified the impact of meteorological variables on urban runoff models, resulting in a 15 % increase in the prediction accuracy. In terms of numbers, XAI applications in water distribution systems have led to up to 20 % savings in energy consumption by optimizing pump schedules based on interpretable machine learning models. Qualitative benefits have included interpretable neural networks for monitoring water quality that detected anomalies and provided transparent contamination alerts that increased stakeholder trust. Examples from cities such as Amsterdam show how XAI is used to improve smart water metering, with reductions of water losses of 12 %. Additionally, XAI has allowed policymakers to assess the influence of climate change on urban drainage networks through transparent visualization of underlying factors. It also addresses some key challenges along with XAI models or frameworks to be scalable and to work with emerging data streams from IoT. This highlights the promise of XAI as a tool to improve sustainable practices in water management by providing a link between highly complex algorithms and watertight management decisions that are easier to implement.
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spelling doaj-art-55d173d5d585435b84dcf99be6cc649d2025-08-20T02:14:54ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-03-012510434910.1016/j.rineng.2025.104349Explainable artificial intelligence for sustainable urban water systems engineeringShofia Saghya Infant0Sundaram Vickram1A Saravanan2C M Mathan Muthu3Devarajan Yuarajan4Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India; Corresponding authors.Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IndiaExplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has potential for revolutionary improvements in operational efficiency, resilience, and decision-making in the engineering of sustainable urban water systems. Presenting cutting-edge approaches in XAI (such as SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations), LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations), and counterfactual analysis), this review defines the evolution of explainability approaches specifically for hydrological modelling, demand prediction, and leak detection. As an example, the SHAP values have quantified the impact of meteorological variables on urban runoff models, resulting in a 15 % increase in the prediction accuracy. In terms of numbers, XAI applications in water distribution systems have led to up to 20 % savings in energy consumption by optimizing pump schedules based on interpretable machine learning models. Qualitative benefits have included interpretable neural networks for monitoring water quality that detected anomalies and provided transparent contamination alerts that increased stakeholder trust. Examples from cities such as Amsterdam show how XAI is used to improve smart water metering, with reductions of water losses of 12 %. Additionally, XAI has allowed policymakers to assess the influence of climate change on urban drainage networks through transparent visualization of underlying factors. It also addresses some key challenges along with XAI models or frameworks to be scalable and to work with emerging data streams from IoT. This highlights the promise of XAI as a tool to improve sustainable practices in water management by providing a link between highly complex algorithms and watertight management decisions that are easier to implement.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302500430XExplainable artificial intelligence (XAI)Sustainable urban water systemsHydrological modellingWater distribution optimizationSmart water managementMachine learning interpretability
spellingShingle Shofia Saghya Infant
Sundaram Vickram
A Saravanan
C M Mathan Muthu
Devarajan Yuarajan
Explainable artificial intelligence for sustainable urban water systems engineering
Results in Engineering
Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)
Sustainable urban water systems
Hydrological modelling
Water distribution optimization
Smart water management
Machine learning interpretability
title Explainable artificial intelligence for sustainable urban water systems engineering
title_full Explainable artificial intelligence for sustainable urban water systems engineering
title_fullStr Explainable artificial intelligence for sustainable urban water systems engineering
title_full_unstemmed Explainable artificial intelligence for sustainable urban water systems engineering
title_short Explainable artificial intelligence for sustainable urban water systems engineering
title_sort explainable artificial intelligence for sustainable urban water systems engineering
topic Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)
Sustainable urban water systems
Hydrological modelling
Water distribution optimization
Smart water management
Machine learning interpretability
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302500430X
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AT devarajanyuarajan explainableartificialintelligenceforsustainableurbanwatersystemsengineering