Olfactory Capacity and Obesity: A Narrative Review of the Literature

The sense of smell plays a crucial role in food perception, influencing dietary choices and eating behavior. This narrative review explores the relationship between olfactory function and obesity, addressing the question: how does smell influence the perception, selection, and eating behavior of foo...

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Main Authors: Samuel Durán-Agüero, Ana María Obregón-Rivas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3590
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author Samuel Durán-Agüero
Ana María Obregón-Rivas
author_facet Samuel Durán-Agüero
Ana María Obregón-Rivas
author_sort Samuel Durán-Agüero
collection DOAJ
description The sense of smell plays a crucial role in food perception, influencing dietary choices and eating behavior. This narrative review explores the relationship between olfactory function and obesity, addressing the question: how does smell influence the perception, selection, and eating behavior of food? The review highlights that individuals with obesity may experience reduced olfactory sensitivity due to hormonal imbalances, such as elevated leptin and reduced ghrelin levels, which can alter odor perception and lead to unhealthy food preferences. Additionally, those with olfactory dysfunction may compensate by seeking saltier or sweeter foods, increasing the risk of obesity. The review also notes that olfactory responses vary across age groups, with some obese adolescents exhibiting greater olfactory sensitivity. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on olfactory function and eating habits is discussed, emphasizing the need for interventions that incorporate sensory aspects of eating to combat obesity. A comprehensive approach involving neuroscience, psychology, and public health is recommended to develop effective and personalized solutions for obesity prevention and treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-55c81460e6ef4776a324fe77d0cc18cf2025-08-20T02:17:00ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01157359010.3390/app15073590Olfactory Capacity and Obesity: A Narrative Review of the LiteratureSamuel Durán-Agüero0Ana María Obregón-Rivas1Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación y Calidad de Vida Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510000, ChileEscuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación y Calidad de Vida Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción 8030000, ChileThe sense of smell plays a crucial role in food perception, influencing dietary choices and eating behavior. This narrative review explores the relationship between olfactory function and obesity, addressing the question: how does smell influence the perception, selection, and eating behavior of food? The review highlights that individuals with obesity may experience reduced olfactory sensitivity due to hormonal imbalances, such as elevated leptin and reduced ghrelin levels, which can alter odor perception and lead to unhealthy food preferences. Additionally, those with olfactory dysfunction may compensate by seeking saltier or sweeter foods, increasing the risk of obesity. The review also notes that olfactory responses vary across age groups, with some obese adolescents exhibiting greater olfactory sensitivity. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on olfactory function and eating habits is discussed, emphasizing the need for interventions that incorporate sensory aspects of eating to combat obesity. A comprehensive approach involving neuroscience, psychology, and public health is recommended to develop effective and personalized solutions for obesity prevention and treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3590smellobesityfood intakenutrition statusolfactoryhyposmia
spellingShingle Samuel Durán-Agüero
Ana María Obregón-Rivas
Olfactory Capacity and Obesity: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Applied Sciences
smell
obesity
food intake
nutrition status
olfactory
hyposmia
title Olfactory Capacity and Obesity: A Narrative Review of the Literature
title_full Olfactory Capacity and Obesity: A Narrative Review of the Literature
title_fullStr Olfactory Capacity and Obesity: A Narrative Review of the Literature
title_full_unstemmed Olfactory Capacity and Obesity: A Narrative Review of the Literature
title_short Olfactory Capacity and Obesity: A Narrative Review of the Literature
title_sort olfactory capacity and obesity a narrative review of the literature
topic smell
obesity
food intake
nutrition status
olfactory
hyposmia
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3590
work_keys_str_mv AT samuelduranaguero olfactorycapacityandobesityanarrativereviewoftheliterature
AT anamariaobregonrivas olfactorycapacityandobesityanarrativereviewoftheliterature