Sociocultural correlates and epidemiological patterns of non-alcoholic beer consumption: a cross-sectional study in Poland

Objectives To investigate the sociocultural and epidemiological factors associated with non-alcoholic beer (NAB) consumption in Poland, including motivations for use, consumption context, and its reported impact on alcohol consumption patterns.Design Cross-sectional survey study.Setting Community se...

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Main Authors: Andrzej Silczuk, Aleksandra Lewandowska, Tomasz Baran, Tytus Koweszko, Paulina Mularczyk-Tomczewska, Julia Gujska, Magdalena Tatara, Małgorzata Gałecka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-07-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e100408.full
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author Andrzej Silczuk
Aleksandra Lewandowska
Tomasz Baran
Tytus Koweszko
Paulina Mularczyk-Tomczewska
Julia Gujska
Magdalena Tatara
Małgorzata Gałecka
author_facet Andrzej Silczuk
Aleksandra Lewandowska
Tomasz Baran
Tytus Koweszko
Paulina Mularczyk-Tomczewska
Julia Gujska
Magdalena Tatara
Małgorzata Gałecka
author_sort Andrzej Silczuk
collection DOAJ
description Objectives To investigate the sociocultural and epidemiological factors associated with non-alcoholic beer (NAB) consumption in Poland, including motivations for use, consumption context, and its reported impact on alcohol consumption patterns.Design Cross-sectional survey study.Setting Community setting across Poland; data were collected in December 2024.Participants A total of 1114 adults aged 18–84 years (mean age: 47.1±14.4 years; 54.3% female) completed the questionnaire. Participants were recruited through an online panel using stratified quota sampling to approximate national population distributions by age, sex and region. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years and residence in Poland. No exclusion criteria beyond informed consent were applied.Interventions Not applicable.Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was current NAB use, defined as self-reported consumption of NAB. Secondary outcomes included sociodemographic correlates, reasons for use, consumption contexts and self-reported changes in alcoholic beer consumption following NAB adoption.Results 70.6% of respondents reported current NAB use. Multivariable logistic regression showed that age 18–49 years (p<0.05), being married or in an informal relationship (OR=1.71; 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.45; p=0.004), residing in a household with ≥3 members (OR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.52; p=0.04) and being employed or self-employed (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.31; p=0.003) were independently associated with NAB use. Among NAB users (N=787), primary motivations included the ability to drive (28.2%), hydration (16.9%) and enjoying the taste without alcohol (12.1%). Regarding alcohol consumption, 31.6% reported using NAB to reduce their intake of alcoholic beer, and 22.6% stated that they had fully replaced alcoholic beer with NAB. Conversely, 37.0% reported no change in their alcohol consumption, 5.8% switched back to alcoholic beer only and 2.9% reported increased alcohol use after initiating NAB.Conclusions NAB consumption in Poland is associated with identifiable sociodemographic characteristics and motivated by practical and health-related considerations. While nearly half of current users report reduced or substituted alcohol intake, a substantial proportion incorporate NAB into existing drinking routines without change or with increased alcohol use. These findings suggest a heterogeneous behavioural impact, underlining the need for nuanced public health messaging and further research into the long-term effects of NAB use on alcohol-related outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-55bf9952bb8b450882cc2201cf5590622025-08-20T03:09:23ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-07-0115710.1136/bmjopen-2025-100408Sociocultural correlates and epidemiological patterns of non-alcoholic beer consumption: a cross-sectional study in PolandAndrzej Silczuk0Aleksandra Lewandowska1Tomasz Baran2Tytus Koweszko3Paulina Mularczyk-Tomczewska4Julia Gujska5Magdalena Tatara6Małgorzata Gałecka7Department of Community Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandChildren Psychiatry Unit, Specialized Psychiatric Health Care Centre, Łódź, PolandDepartment of Business Psychology and Social Innovation, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Community Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Community Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Community Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Psychotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, PolandObjectives To investigate the sociocultural and epidemiological factors associated with non-alcoholic beer (NAB) consumption in Poland, including motivations for use, consumption context, and its reported impact on alcohol consumption patterns.Design Cross-sectional survey study.Setting Community setting across Poland; data were collected in December 2024.Participants A total of 1114 adults aged 18–84 years (mean age: 47.1±14.4 years; 54.3% female) completed the questionnaire. Participants were recruited through an online panel using stratified quota sampling to approximate national population distributions by age, sex and region. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years and residence in Poland. No exclusion criteria beyond informed consent were applied.Interventions Not applicable.Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was current NAB use, defined as self-reported consumption of NAB. Secondary outcomes included sociodemographic correlates, reasons for use, consumption contexts and self-reported changes in alcoholic beer consumption following NAB adoption.Results 70.6% of respondents reported current NAB use. Multivariable logistic regression showed that age 18–49 years (p<0.05), being married or in an informal relationship (OR=1.71; 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.45; p=0.004), residing in a household with ≥3 members (OR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.52; p=0.04) and being employed or self-employed (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.31; p=0.003) were independently associated with NAB use. Among NAB users (N=787), primary motivations included the ability to drive (28.2%), hydration (16.9%) and enjoying the taste without alcohol (12.1%). Regarding alcohol consumption, 31.6% reported using NAB to reduce their intake of alcoholic beer, and 22.6% stated that they had fully replaced alcoholic beer with NAB. Conversely, 37.0% reported no change in their alcohol consumption, 5.8% switched back to alcoholic beer only and 2.9% reported increased alcohol use after initiating NAB.Conclusions NAB consumption in Poland is associated with identifiable sociodemographic characteristics and motivated by practical and health-related considerations. While nearly half of current users report reduced or substituted alcohol intake, a substantial proportion incorporate NAB into existing drinking routines without change or with increased alcohol use. These findings suggest a heterogeneous behavioural impact, underlining the need for nuanced public health messaging and further research into the long-term effects of NAB use on alcohol-related outcomes.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e100408.full
spellingShingle Andrzej Silczuk
Aleksandra Lewandowska
Tomasz Baran
Tytus Koweszko
Paulina Mularczyk-Tomczewska
Julia Gujska
Magdalena Tatara
Małgorzata Gałecka
Sociocultural correlates and epidemiological patterns of non-alcoholic beer consumption: a cross-sectional study in Poland
BMJ Open
title Sociocultural correlates and epidemiological patterns of non-alcoholic beer consumption: a cross-sectional study in Poland
title_full Sociocultural correlates and epidemiological patterns of non-alcoholic beer consumption: a cross-sectional study in Poland
title_fullStr Sociocultural correlates and epidemiological patterns of non-alcoholic beer consumption: a cross-sectional study in Poland
title_full_unstemmed Sociocultural correlates and epidemiological patterns of non-alcoholic beer consumption: a cross-sectional study in Poland
title_short Sociocultural correlates and epidemiological patterns of non-alcoholic beer consumption: a cross-sectional study in Poland
title_sort sociocultural correlates and epidemiological patterns of non alcoholic beer consumption a cross sectional study in poland
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e100408.full
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