A review of prognostic molecular biomarkers for glioblastoma and their clinical significance for diagnosis and treatment

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a WHO grade IV malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis, and it is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. The estimated overall survival rate for patients with GBM is less than 1.5 years, with a 5-year survival rate of about 5 %. Current treatment standards...

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Main Authors: A.M. Netliukh, T.А. Malysheva, A.V. Zanevych, N.O. Fesh, Yu.V. Flys, A.A. Sukhanov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: NAMS of Ukraine, State Organization "Scientific-Practical Center of Endovascular Neuroradiology, Non-Governmental Organization “All Ukrainian Association of Endovascular Neuroradiology, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine 2024-10-01
Series:Українська Інтервенційна Нейрорадіологія та Хірургія
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Online Access:https://enj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/278
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author A.M. Netliukh
T.А. Malysheva
A.V. Zanevych
N.O. Fesh
Yu.V. Flys
A.A. Sukhanov
author_facet A.M. Netliukh
T.А. Malysheva
A.V. Zanevych
N.O. Fesh
Yu.V. Flys
A.A. Sukhanov
author_sort A.M. Netliukh
collection DOAJ
description Glioblastoma (GBM) is a WHO grade IV malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis, and it is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. The estimated overall survival rate for patients with GBM is less than 1.5 years, with a 5-year survival rate of about 5 %. Current treatment standards include maximal (Gross total) resection, which is rarely achieved due to the diffuse-invasive nature of these tumors, and radiotherapy with concomitant chemotherapy, such as temozolomide. New technologies, including genetic research and advanced statistical methods, enhance therapeutic approaches and create new treatment opportunities. Certain genes are crucial for understanding tumorigenesis and tumor prognosis, with each GBM subtype associated with specific genetic and epigenetic changes. Our goal was to conduct an up-to-date review of common molecular markers, namely isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), p53 protein, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), 1p/19q codeletion, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), circulating tumor cells, and microRNAs. Established biomarkers are widely used in clinical neuro-oncology practice and play a critical role in improving diagnostics, determining prognosis, and predicting treatment responses. The roles of biomarkers such as MGMT and IDH1/2 are well-established. Many studies indicate better outcomes from surgical and radiation treatments in patients with mutations in these genes. We also highlighted potential biomarkers, especially easily accessible circulating blood markers, which require thorough future evaluation for their prognostic and/or predictive utility for GBM in therapeutic settings. However, research on other biomarkers, such as the p53 protein, EGFR, PDGFR, 1p/19q codeletion, the alpha-thalassemia mental retardation X-linked syndrome protein (ATRX), TERT, loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 10, circulating tumor complexes, and microRNAs, remains promising. Overall, identifying specific biomarkers enables the selection of effective treatments and improves the prognosis for patients with malignant gliomas.
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publishDate 2024-10-01
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series Українська Інтервенційна Нейрорадіологія та Хірургія
spelling doaj-art-55b6e4e5e80d43839b0d7df014c289e92025-08-20T02:15:19ZengNAMS of Ukraine, State Organization "Scientific-Practical Center of Endovascular Neuroradiology, Non-Governmental Organization “All Ukrainian Association of Endovascular Neuroradiology, Shupyk National Healthcare University of UkraineУкраїнська Інтервенційна Нейрорадіологія та Хірургія2786-48552786-48632024-10-01493597110.26683/2786-4855-2024-3(49)-59-71278A review of prognostic molecular biomarkers for glioblastoma and their clinical significance for diagnosis and treatmentA.M. Netliukh0T.А. Malysheva1A.V. Zanevych2N.O. Fesh3Yu.V. Flys4A.A. Sukhanov5Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, UkraineSI «Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, UkraineNon-profit municipal enterprise «Lviv First Medical Union», Lviv, UkraineLTD «Western Ukrainian Histological Laboratory», Lviv, UkraineNon-profit municipal enterprise «Lviv First Medical Union», Lviv, UkraineDanylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, UkraineGlioblastoma (GBM) is a WHO grade IV malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis, and it is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. The estimated overall survival rate for patients with GBM is less than 1.5 years, with a 5-year survival rate of about 5 %. Current treatment standards include maximal (Gross total) resection, which is rarely achieved due to the diffuse-invasive nature of these tumors, and radiotherapy with concomitant chemotherapy, such as temozolomide. New technologies, including genetic research and advanced statistical methods, enhance therapeutic approaches and create new treatment opportunities. Certain genes are crucial for understanding tumorigenesis and tumor prognosis, with each GBM subtype associated with specific genetic and epigenetic changes. Our goal was to conduct an up-to-date review of common molecular markers, namely isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), p53 protein, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), 1p/19q codeletion, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), circulating tumor cells, and microRNAs. Established biomarkers are widely used in clinical neuro-oncology practice and play a critical role in improving diagnostics, determining prognosis, and predicting treatment responses. The roles of biomarkers such as MGMT and IDH1/2 are well-established. Many studies indicate better outcomes from surgical and radiation treatments in patients with mutations in these genes. We also highlighted potential biomarkers, especially easily accessible circulating blood markers, which require thorough future evaluation for their prognostic and/or predictive utility for GBM in therapeutic settings. However, research on other biomarkers, such as the p53 protein, EGFR, PDGFR, 1p/19q codeletion, the alpha-thalassemia mental retardation X-linked syndrome protein (ATRX), TERT, loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 10, circulating tumor complexes, and microRNAs, remains promising. Overall, identifying specific biomarkers enables the selection of effective treatments and improves the prognosis for patients with malignant gliomas.https://enj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/278glioma; glioblastoma; brain tumor; molecular biomarkers; surgical treatment; chemotherapy.
spellingShingle A.M. Netliukh
T.А. Malysheva
A.V. Zanevych
N.O. Fesh
Yu.V. Flys
A.A. Sukhanov
A review of prognostic molecular biomarkers for glioblastoma and their clinical significance for diagnosis and treatment
Українська Інтервенційна Нейрорадіологія та Хірургія
glioma; glioblastoma; brain tumor; molecular biomarkers; surgical treatment; chemotherapy.
title A review of prognostic molecular biomarkers for glioblastoma and their clinical significance for diagnosis and treatment
title_full A review of prognostic molecular biomarkers for glioblastoma and their clinical significance for diagnosis and treatment
title_fullStr A review of prognostic molecular biomarkers for glioblastoma and their clinical significance for diagnosis and treatment
title_full_unstemmed A review of prognostic molecular biomarkers for glioblastoma and their clinical significance for diagnosis and treatment
title_short A review of prognostic molecular biomarkers for glioblastoma and their clinical significance for diagnosis and treatment
title_sort review of prognostic molecular biomarkers for glioblastoma and their clinical significance for diagnosis and treatment
topic glioma; glioblastoma; brain tumor; molecular biomarkers; surgical treatment; chemotherapy.
url https://enj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/278
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