Association between oxygen debt (DEOx) variability over time and clinical outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients: an observational study

Abstract Background Oxygen debt (DEOx) quantifies oxygen deficit during shock, reflecting the transition to anaerobic metabolism due to decreased oxygen delivery (DO₂). This study aimed to analyze the temporal variation of DEOx values and their association with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV)...

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Main Authors: Eduardo Tuta-Quintero, Alirio Bastidas-Goyes, Henry Robayo-Amortegui, Michel Pérez-Garzón, Isacio Serna-Palacios, Cristian Peña-Quimbayo, Julian Espitia, Daniel Pinto, Johan Rincón, Juan Sánchez, Jesus Pérez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Pulmonary Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03858-9
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author Eduardo Tuta-Quintero
Alirio Bastidas-Goyes
Henry Robayo-Amortegui
Michel Pérez-Garzón
Isacio Serna-Palacios
Cristian Peña-Quimbayo
Julian Espitia
Daniel Pinto
Johan Rincón
Juan Sánchez
Jesus Pérez
author_facet Eduardo Tuta-Quintero
Alirio Bastidas-Goyes
Henry Robayo-Amortegui
Michel Pérez-Garzón
Isacio Serna-Palacios
Cristian Peña-Quimbayo
Julian Espitia
Daniel Pinto
Johan Rincón
Juan Sánchez
Jesus Pérez
author_sort Eduardo Tuta-Quintero
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Oxygen debt (DEOx) quantifies oxygen deficit during shock, reflecting the transition to anaerobic metabolism due to decreased oxygen delivery (DO₂). This study aimed to analyze the temporal variation of DEOx values and their association with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) requirement and survival in patients with severe COVID-19. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study including adult patients admitted to the ICU with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at Clínica Universidad de La Sabana (Colombia) between July 2020 and December 2021. DEOx was calculated using two validated formulas: one based on lactate (DEOx1) and another incorporating lactate and base excess (DEOx2). Variability in DEOx was assessed at different time points (≤6h, 6-12h, 12-24h, >24h) and its association with IMV and survival outcomes was analyzed. Results A total of 597 patients were included, of whom 150 (25.1%) died. DEOx1 within 6 hours was -6.87 (SD: 23.72) in patients requiring IMV by day 7, compared to -1.2 (SD: 7.83) in patients without IMV (p=0.004). DEOx2 within 6 hours on day 7 was -7.92 (SD: 30.7) vs. -1.57 (SD: 14.65) (p=0.027), and between 6 and 12 hours, it was 1.24 (SD: 14.92) vs. -3.54 (SD: 9.34) (p<0.001). 24 hours (SD: 36.09) in deceased patients on day 7, compared to -2.09 (SD: 14.26) in survivors (p<0.001). Between 6 and 12 hours, DEOx1 was 0.51 (SD: 11.49) vs.-2.27 (SD: 12.32) (p=0.016). At more than 24 hours, it was 3.21 (SD: 9.22) vs. -3.8 (SD: 20.91) (p<0.001). Similar trends were observed on days 14 and 28. DEOx2 within 6 hours on day 7 was -19.02 (SD: 35.3) vs. -1.36 (SD: 14.31) (p<0.001), and between 6 and 12 hours, it was 7.57 (SD: 18.78) vs. -1.94 (SD: 11.73) (p<0.001). At more than 24 hours, it was 2.6 (SD: 10.75) vs. -4.54 (SD: 17.26) (p<0.001). This pattern persisted on days 14 and 28. Conclusion DEOx variability in critically ill COVID-19 patients was significantly associated with IMV need and mortality. Higher DEOx values at ≤6h and persistent metabolic derangement beyond 24h correlated with worse outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-559fdda548ee42a9b95937a0f11fe64b2025-08-20T03:45:44ZengBMCBMC Pulmonary Medicine1471-24662025-08-012511910.1186/s12890-025-03858-9Association between oxygen debt (DEOx) variability over time and clinical outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients: an observational studyEduardo Tuta-Quintero0Alirio Bastidas-Goyes1Henry Robayo-Amortegui2Michel Pérez-Garzón3Isacio Serna-Palacios4Cristian Peña-Quimbayo5Julian Espitia6Daniel Pinto7Johan Rincón8Juan Sánchez9Jesus Pérez10School of Medicina, Universidad de La SabanaSchool of Medicina, Universidad de La SabanaSchool of Medicina, Universidad de La SabanaSchool of Medicina, Universidad de La SabanaSchool of Medicina, Universidad de La SabanaSchool of Medicina, Universidad de La SabanaSchool of Medicina, Universidad de La SabanaSchool of Medicina, Universidad de La SabanaSchool of Medicina, Universidad de La SabanaSchool of Medicina, Universidad de La SabanaSchool of Medicina, Universidad de La SabanaAbstract Background Oxygen debt (DEOx) quantifies oxygen deficit during shock, reflecting the transition to anaerobic metabolism due to decreased oxygen delivery (DO₂). This study aimed to analyze the temporal variation of DEOx values and their association with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) requirement and survival in patients with severe COVID-19. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study including adult patients admitted to the ICU with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at Clínica Universidad de La Sabana (Colombia) between July 2020 and December 2021. DEOx was calculated using two validated formulas: one based on lactate (DEOx1) and another incorporating lactate and base excess (DEOx2). Variability in DEOx was assessed at different time points (≤6h, 6-12h, 12-24h, >24h) and its association with IMV and survival outcomes was analyzed. Results A total of 597 patients were included, of whom 150 (25.1%) died. DEOx1 within 6 hours was -6.87 (SD: 23.72) in patients requiring IMV by day 7, compared to -1.2 (SD: 7.83) in patients without IMV (p=0.004). DEOx2 within 6 hours on day 7 was -7.92 (SD: 30.7) vs. -1.57 (SD: 14.65) (p=0.027), and between 6 and 12 hours, it was 1.24 (SD: 14.92) vs. -3.54 (SD: 9.34) (p<0.001). 24 hours (SD: 36.09) in deceased patients on day 7, compared to -2.09 (SD: 14.26) in survivors (p<0.001). Between 6 and 12 hours, DEOx1 was 0.51 (SD: 11.49) vs.-2.27 (SD: 12.32) (p=0.016). At more than 24 hours, it was 3.21 (SD: 9.22) vs. -3.8 (SD: 20.91) (p<0.001). Similar trends were observed on days 14 and 28. DEOx2 within 6 hours on day 7 was -19.02 (SD: 35.3) vs. -1.36 (SD: 14.31) (p<0.001), and between 6 and 12 hours, it was 7.57 (SD: 18.78) vs. -1.94 (SD: 11.73) (p<0.001). At more than 24 hours, it was 2.6 (SD: 10.75) vs. -4.54 (SD: 17.26) (p<0.001). This pattern persisted on days 14 and 28. Conclusion DEOx variability in critically ill COVID-19 patients was significantly associated with IMV need and mortality. Higher DEOx values at ≤6h and persistent metabolic derangement beyond 24h correlated with worse outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03858-9Critical careMultiple organ dysfunction syndromeOrgan dysfunction scoresOxygen debt
spellingShingle Eduardo Tuta-Quintero
Alirio Bastidas-Goyes
Henry Robayo-Amortegui
Michel Pérez-Garzón
Isacio Serna-Palacios
Cristian Peña-Quimbayo
Julian Espitia
Daniel Pinto
Johan Rincón
Juan Sánchez
Jesus Pérez
Association between oxygen debt (DEOx) variability over time and clinical outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients: an observational study
BMC Pulmonary Medicine
Critical care
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Organ dysfunction scores
Oxygen debt
title Association between oxygen debt (DEOx) variability over time and clinical outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients: an observational study
title_full Association between oxygen debt (DEOx) variability over time and clinical outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients: an observational study
title_fullStr Association between oxygen debt (DEOx) variability over time and clinical outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients: an observational study
title_full_unstemmed Association between oxygen debt (DEOx) variability over time and clinical outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients: an observational study
title_short Association between oxygen debt (DEOx) variability over time and clinical outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients: an observational study
title_sort association between oxygen debt deox variability over time and clinical outcomes in critically ill covid 19 patients an observational study
topic Critical care
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Organ dysfunction scores
Oxygen debt
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-025-03858-9
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