SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT MODELS IN THE SYSTEM OF MOUNTAIN SOCIETIES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
The article discusses the models of socio-political structure among the highlanders of the North Caucasus and the development of feudal relations in mountain societies of the irst half of the XIX century. The author emphasizes the complex and ambiguous nature of the processes that often took the for...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Russian |
| Published: |
North-Caucasus Federal University
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Гуманитарные и юридические исследования |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://humanitieslaw.ncfu.ru/jour/article/view/197 |
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| Summary: | The article discusses the models of socio-political structure among the highlanders of the North Caucasus and the development of feudal relations in mountain societies of the irst half of the XIX century. The author emphasizes the complex and ambiguous nature of the processes that often took the form of a transitional stage of development with the simultaneous coexistence of new and archaic foundations. Everywhere it was possible to observe both the forward movement and the return movement on the path to the formation of new socio-political structures. By the example of local societies of Kabarda, Balkaria and Chechnya, the features of the formation of the feudal structure among the highlanders are also traced. The author emphasizes that the diversity of local incarnations of the uniied tendency of the formation of feudalism was the result of the synthesis of a local slow-moving and variably developing early class structure and external ethnic, political, economic and ideological factors. The insuficient development of feudal relations contributed to the preservation of the practice of the slave trade in the region. Such a product brought tangible proits and contributed to the accumulation of wealth in that part of the population, which sought to stand out from among its tribesmen and claimed to become an elite. Raids with the aim of capturing captives and their further sale led to civil strife, the growth of mutual hostility, the war of all against all. The author pays much attention to the study of the situation in the mountain community. With external egalitarianism, the process of property stratiication in the community environment inevitably led to profound changes in land use practice, and after that to social changes. Attention is also drawn to the establishment and functioning of the institution of princely power in the mountainous environment, especially among Kabardians and Balkars, simultaneously revealing its social and economic sources, as well as the role of the foreign policy factor, which was the Russian Empire. Studying the Chechen societies, the author focuses on the decisive socio-political and economic role of the typs, which have become an insurmountable obstacle to the assertion of princely power among Chechens. The social structure prevailing in Chechen societies was diverse and flexible. Each social group had its rights and obligations, which were enshrined in customary law. The Chechen Taip communities, in a stubborn struggle against the feudalized aristocracy, managed to limit its claims and largely preserve their freedom and community structure in public life. |
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| ISSN: | 2409-1030 |