Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage vB_Kp_XP4 targeting hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

IntroductionHypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP and MDR-KP) are significant public health threats. This study aimed to isolate a lytic bacteriophage targeting these high-risk strains, systematically characterize its biological properties, genomic features, and therapeut...

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Main Authors: Xiaocui Peng, Jianliang Chang, Hongxia Zhang, Xiaoyu Li, Changhong Zhang, Shiyan Jiao, Chengxiu Lv, Na Wang, Jun Zhao, Bu Wang, Wei Zhang, Zhihua Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1491961/full
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author Xiaocui Peng
Xiaocui Peng
Jianliang Chang
Jianliang Chang
Hongxia Zhang
Xiaoyu Li
Xiaoyu Li
Changhong Zhang
Shiyan Jiao
Chengxiu Lv
Na Wang
Jun Zhao
Jun Zhao
Bu Wang
Wei Zhang
Zhihua Zhang
author_facet Xiaocui Peng
Xiaocui Peng
Jianliang Chang
Jianliang Chang
Hongxia Zhang
Xiaoyu Li
Xiaoyu Li
Changhong Zhang
Shiyan Jiao
Chengxiu Lv
Na Wang
Jun Zhao
Jun Zhao
Bu Wang
Wei Zhang
Zhihua Zhang
author_sort Xiaocui Peng
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionHypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP and MDR-KP) are significant public health threats. This study aimed to isolate a lytic bacteriophage targeting these high-risk strains, systematically characterize its biological properties, genomic features, and therapeutic efficacy, and establish a foundation for clinical phage therapy and novel antimicrobial development.MethodsThe phage vB_Kp_XP4 was isolated from river water using the double-layer agar plate method with the clinically isolated strain P4 as the host. Morphology was analyzed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Host range, pH, and thermal stability were assessed using spot assays and OD630 measurements. One-step growth curves determined the latent period and burst size. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Therapeutic efficacy and safety were evaluated in a Galleria mellonella infection model.ResultsTEM revealed Phage vB_Kp_XP4 as a tailed phage with an icosahedral head and a long, flexible tail. It lysed an hvKP strain (carrying rmp, peg, iuc, iro genes) and an MDR-KP strain (resistant to carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, etc.), with an optimal MOI of 0.1 and latent period <10 minutes. Stability was maintained at pH 4–11 and ≤70°C. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 44,344 bp with a G+C content of 53.80%. The genome comprised 54 coding sequences and lacked lysogenic, virulence, or antibiotic resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis positioned phage vB_Kp_XP4 as a novel species within the genus Drulisvirus, family Autographiviridae. In the Galleria mellonella model, vB_Kp_XP4 prolonged survival of P4-infected larvae (P < 0.001)ConclusionPhage vB_Kp_XP4 exhibits high stability, specificity, potent lytic activity, and no undesirable genes, demonstrating effective in vivo therapeutic efficacy, suggest its potential for clinical applications against Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. The presence of multiple halos during plaque formation further enhances its research value. The complete genome sequence has been submitted to GenBank under accession number PP663283.
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spelling doaj-art-5587f17d9ce94a6fb0b8ef3abb116e8a2025-08-20T02:58:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-03-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.14919611491961Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage vB_Kp_XP4 targeting hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniaeXiaocui Peng0Xiaocui Peng1Jianliang Chang2Jianliang Chang3Hongxia Zhang4Xiaoyu Li5Xiaoyu Li6Changhong Zhang7Shiyan Jiao8Chengxiu Lv9Na Wang10Jun Zhao11Jun Zhao12Bu Wang13Wei Zhang14Zhihua Zhang15Department of Postgraduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaRespiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaDepartment of Postgraduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaRespiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaRespiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaDepartment of Postgraduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaRespiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaRespiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaDepartment of Postgraduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo, ChinaCentral Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaDepartment of Postgraduate, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaRespiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaRespiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaCentral Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaRespiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaIntroductionHypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP and MDR-KP) are significant public health threats. This study aimed to isolate a lytic bacteriophage targeting these high-risk strains, systematically characterize its biological properties, genomic features, and therapeutic efficacy, and establish a foundation for clinical phage therapy and novel antimicrobial development.MethodsThe phage vB_Kp_XP4 was isolated from river water using the double-layer agar plate method with the clinically isolated strain P4 as the host. Morphology was analyzed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Host range, pH, and thermal stability were assessed using spot assays and OD630 measurements. One-step growth curves determined the latent period and burst size. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Therapeutic efficacy and safety were evaluated in a Galleria mellonella infection model.ResultsTEM revealed Phage vB_Kp_XP4 as a tailed phage with an icosahedral head and a long, flexible tail. It lysed an hvKP strain (carrying rmp, peg, iuc, iro genes) and an MDR-KP strain (resistant to carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, etc.), with an optimal MOI of 0.1 and latent period <10 minutes. Stability was maintained at pH 4–11 and ≤70°C. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 44,344 bp with a G+C content of 53.80%. The genome comprised 54 coding sequences and lacked lysogenic, virulence, or antibiotic resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis positioned phage vB_Kp_XP4 as a novel species within the genus Drulisvirus, family Autographiviridae. In the Galleria mellonella model, vB_Kp_XP4 prolonged survival of P4-infected larvae (P < 0.001)ConclusionPhage vB_Kp_XP4 exhibits high stability, specificity, potent lytic activity, and no undesirable genes, demonstrating effective in vivo therapeutic efficacy, suggest its potential for clinical applications against Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. The presence of multiple halos during plaque formation further enhances its research value. The complete genome sequence has been submitted to GenBank under accession number PP663283.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1491961/fullphage therapybiological characteristicswhole-genome sequencingKlebsiella pneumoniaemultidrug resistancehypervirulence
spellingShingle Xiaocui Peng
Xiaocui Peng
Jianliang Chang
Jianliang Chang
Hongxia Zhang
Xiaoyu Li
Xiaoyu Li
Changhong Zhang
Shiyan Jiao
Chengxiu Lv
Na Wang
Jun Zhao
Jun Zhao
Bu Wang
Wei Zhang
Zhihua Zhang
Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage vB_Kp_XP4 targeting hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Frontiers in Microbiology
phage therapy
biological characteristics
whole-genome sequencing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
multidrug resistance
hypervirulence
title Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage vB_Kp_XP4 targeting hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
title_full Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage vB_Kp_XP4 targeting hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
title_fullStr Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage vB_Kp_XP4 targeting hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
title_full_unstemmed Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage vB_Kp_XP4 targeting hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
title_short Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage vB_Kp_XP4 targeting hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
title_sort isolation characterization and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage vb kp xp4 targeting hypervirulent and multidrug resistant klebsiella pneumoniae
topic phage therapy
biological characteristics
whole-genome sequencing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
multidrug resistance
hypervirulence
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1491961/full
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