The incidence and risk factors of uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): a meta -analysis and literature review

Abstract Background Uveitis is a serious complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Despite its seriousness, a comprehensive understanding of its incidence and early risk factors remains elusive. This knowledge gap poses challenges for formulating tailored clinical early identification and...

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Main Authors: Xin Peng, Qiao Liu, Li Lin, Liqun Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Pediatric Rheumatology Online Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12969-025-01122-2
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author Xin Peng
Qiao Liu
Li Lin
Liqun Dong
author_facet Xin Peng
Qiao Liu
Li Lin
Liqun Dong
author_sort Xin Peng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Uveitis is a serious complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Despite its seriousness, a comprehensive understanding of its incidence and early risk factors remains elusive. This knowledge gap poses challenges for formulating tailored clinical early identification and prevention strategies. Therefore, our study aims to review the incidence and risk factors of uveitis in JIA patients, and provide evidence-based insights for developing specific clinical risk identification and prevention strategies. Methods We systematically searched databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science until December 31, 2023. The quality of included studies was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Incidence data were synthesized from cohort studies, and meta-analysis was conducted through R language. Results Our review encompassed 28 original studies involving 22,834 JIA patients, among whom 3,381 developed uveitis during the follow-up period. Meta-analysis revealed an overall prevalence of uveitis at 12.7% (95% CI: 10.5 − 15.1%), with rates of 14.3% (95% CI: 11.9 − 15.1%) in European populations, 6.5% (95% CI: 4.0 − 9.5%) in Asian populations, and 13.4% (95% CI: 9.5 − 17.8%) in North America. Identified risk factors for the development of uveitis included early age at JIA onset, ANA-positive, and increased ESR. Conclusion The notable prevalence of uveitis in JIA demands clinical vigilance. Our study findings highlight that age, ANA status, and ESR correlate with risk of complicated uveitis. Future research endeavors could focus on constructing a concise risk assessment tool incorporating more potent independent factors. Such a tool would enhance screening efficacy within this demographic, facilitating tailored preventive strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-557f4a3dfa2d4c41999b58eca2138f7a2025-08-20T03:42:26ZengBMCPediatric Rheumatology Online Journal1546-00962025-07-0123111610.1186/s12969-025-01122-2The incidence and risk factors of uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): a meta -analysis and literature reviewXin Peng0Qiao Liu1Li Lin2Liqun Dong3Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDivision of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDivision of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDivision of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityAbstract Background Uveitis is a serious complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Despite its seriousness, a comprehensive understanding of its incidence and early risk factors remains elusive. This knowledge gap poses challenges for formulating tailored clinical early identification and prevention strategies. Therefore, our study aims to review the incidence and risk factors of uveitis in JIA patients, and provide evidence-based insights for developing specific clinical risk identification and prevention strategies. Methods We systematically searched databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science until December 31, 2023. The quality of included studies was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Incidence data were synthesized from cohort studies, and meta-analysis was conducted through R language. Results Our review encompassed 28 original studies involving 22,834 JIA patients, among whom 3,381 developed uveitis during the follow-up period. Meta-analysis revealed an overall prevalence of uveitis at 12.7% (95% CI: 10.5 − 15.1%), with rates of 14.3% (95% CI: 11.9 − 15.1%) in European populations, 6.5% (95% CI: 4.0 − 9.5%) in Asian populations, and 13.4% (95% CI: 9.5 − 17.8%) in North America. Identified risk factors for the development of uveitis included early age at JIA onset, ANA-positive, and increased ESR. Conclusion The notable prevalence of uveitis in JIA demands clinical vigilance. Our study findings highlight that age, ANA status, and ESR correlate with risk of complicated uveitis. Future research endeavors could focus on constructing a concise risk assessment tool incorporating more potent independent factors. Such a tool would enhance screening efficacy within this demographic, facilitating tailored preventive strategies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12969-025-01122-2JIAUveitisIncidenceRisk factors
spellingShingle Xin Peng
Qiao Liu
Li Lin
Liqun Dong
The incidence and risk factors of uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): a meta -analysis and literature review
Pediatric Rheumatology Online Journal
JIA
Uveitis
Incidence
Risk factors
title The incidence and risk factors of uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): a meta -analysis and literature review
title_full The incidence and risk factors of uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): a meta -analysis and literature review
title_fullStr The incidence and risk factors of uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): a meta -analysis and literature review
title_full_unstemmed The incidence and risk factors of uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): a meta -analysis and literature review
title_short The incidence and risk factors of uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): a meta -analysis and literature review
title_sort incidence and risk factors of uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis jia a meta analysis and literature review
topic JIA
Uveitis
Incidence
Risk factors
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12969-025-01122-2
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