Trauma, experiences of sexual violence and mental health in LGBTIQ+ refugees seeking psychosocial support in Germany

Abstract Aims Only little empirical evidence exists on mental health in LGBTIQ+ refugees. In the present study, trauma exposure, experiences of sexual violence and current treatment needs for physical and mental health were investigated in association with symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traum...

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Main Authors: Yuriy Nesterko, Kim Schönenberg, Anna Weißig, Tatiana Kulbakina, Heide Glaesmer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2025-01-01
Series:Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2045796025000216/type/journal_article
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author Yuriy Nesterko
Kim Schönenberg
Anna Weißig
Tatiana Kulbakina
Heide Glaesmer
author_facet Yuriy Nesterko
Kim Schönenberg
Anna Weißig
Tatiana Kulbakina
Heide Glaesmer
author_sort Yuriy Nesterko
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Aims Only little empirical evidence exists on mental health in LGBTIQ+ refugees. In the present study, trauma exposure, experiences of sexual violence and current treatment needs for physical and mental health were investigated in association with symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and somatic symptom burden in LGBTIQ+ asylum-seekers resettled in Germany and seeking psychosocial support. Methods Data was collected in cooperation with a counselling centre for LGBTIQ+ asylum-seekers between Mai 2018 and March 2024, with a total of 120 completed questionnaires of adult clients. The questionnaire (11 different languages) included sociodemographic and flight-related questions as well as standardized instruments for assessing PTSD (PCL-5), depression (PHQ-9), somatic symptom burden (SSS-8), and anxiety (HSCL-25). Prevalence rates were calculated according to the cut-off scores of each questionnaire. Four logistic regression analyses were conducted to test for potential associations between being screened positive for anxiety, depression, somatic symptom burden or PTSD and the number of traumatic events, experiences of sexual violence as well as current treatment needs for physical and mental health. Results The great majority, 74.2% (95% CI: 66–82) of the respondents, screened positive for at least one of the mental disorders investigated, with 45% (95% CI: 36–54) suffering from somatic symptom burden, 44.2% (95% CI: 35–53) from depression, 58.3% (95% CI: 50–67) from PTSD, and 62.5% (95% CI: 54–71) from anxiety; 69.5% participants reported having been exposed to sexual violence. Current treatment needs for physical health problems were reported by 47% and for mental health problems by 56.7%. Participants with experiences of sexual violence were more likely to be screened positive for depression (OR: 6.787, 95% CI: 1.45–31.65) and PTSD (OR: 6.121, 95% CI: 1.34–27.95). Conclusions The study provides initial insights on mental health and associated factors in a highly burdened and hard-to-reach population. The findings are important for healthcare systems and political authorities in terms of assuring better protection and healthcare for LGBTIQ+ refugees and asylum-seekers.
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spelling doaj-art-557c2d90ff334a86b3126faf97af060c2025-08-20T02:16:29ZengCambridge University PressEpidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences2045-79602045-79792025-01-013410.1017/S2045796025000216Trauma, experiences of sexual violence and mental health in LGBTIQ+ refugees seeking psychosocial support in GermanyYuriy Nesterko0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8296-0958Kim Schönenberg1Anna Weißig2Tatiana Kulbakina3Heide Glaesmer4Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Department for Clinical Psychological Intervention, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany Department for Traumatic Stress and Transcultural Studies, Center ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyQueer Refugees Network, RosaLinde Leipzig e.V., Leipzig, GermanyQueer Refugees Network, RosaLinde Leipzig e.V., Leipzig, GermanyDepartment of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyAbstract Aims Only little empirical evidence exists on mental health in LGBTIQ+ refugees. In the present study, trauma exposure, experiences of sexual violence and current treatment needs for physical and mental health were investigated in association with symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and somatic symptom burden in LGBTIQ+ asylum-seekers resettled in Germany and seeking psychosocial support. Methods Data was collected in cooperation with a counselling centre for LGBTIQ+ asylum-seekers between Mai 2018 and March 2024, with a total of 120 completed questionnaires of adult clients. The questionnaire (11 different languages) included sociodemographic and flight-related questions as well as standardized instruments for assessing PTSD (PCL-5), depression (PHQ-9), somatic symptom burden (SSS-8), and anxiety (HSCL-25). Prevalence rates were calculated according to the cut-off scores of each questionnaire. Four logistic regression analyses were conducted to test for potential associations between being screened positive for anxiety, depression, somatic symptom burden or PTSD and the number of traumatic events, experiences of sexual violence as well as current treatment needs for physical and mental health. Results The great majority, 74.2% (95% CI: 66–82) of the respondents, screened positive for at least one of the mental disorders investigated, with 45% (95% CI: 36–54) suffering from somatic symptom burden, 44.2% (95% CI: 35–53) from depression, 58.3% (95% CI: 50–67) from PTSD, and 62.5% (95% CI: 54–71) from anxiety; 69.5% participants reported having been exposed to sexual violence. Current treatment needs for physical health problems were reported by 47% and for mental health problems by 56.7%. Participants with experiences of sexual violence were more likely to be screened positive for depression (OR: 6.787, 95% CI: 1.45–31.65) and PTSD (OR: 6.121, 95% CI: 1.34–27.95). Conclusions The study provides initial insights on mental health and associated factors in a highly burdened and hard-to-reach population. The findings are important for healthcare systems and political authorities in terms of assuring better protection and healthcare for LGBTIQ+ refugees and asylum-seekers. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2045796025000216/type/journal_articleasylum-seekersLGBTIQ+refugeesexual violencetrauma
spellingShingle Yuriy Nesterko
Kim Schönenberg
Anna Weißig
Tatiana Kulbakina
Heide Glaesmer
Trauma, experiences of sexual violence and mental health in LGBTIQ+ refugees seeking psychosocial support in Germany
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
asylum-seekers
LGBTIQ+
refugee
sexual violence
trauma
title Trauma, experiences of sexual violence and mental health in LGBTIQ+ refugees seeking psychosocial support in Germany
title_full Trauma, experiences of sexual violence and mental health in LGBTIQ+ refugees seeking psychosocial support in Germany
title_fullStr Trauma, experiences of sexual violence and mental health in LGBTIQ+ refugees seeking psychosocial support in Germany
title_full_unstemmed Trauma, experiences of sexual violence and mental health in LGBTIQ+ refugees seeking psychosocial support in Germany
title_short Trauma, experiences of sexual violence and mental health in LGBTIQ+ refugees seeking psychosocial support in Germany
title_sort trauma experiences of sexual violence and mental health in lgbtiq refugees seeking psychosocial support in germany
topic asylum-seekers
LGBTIQ+
refugee
sexual violence
trauma
url https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2045796025000216/type/journal_article
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AT annaweißig traumaexperiencesofsexualviolenceandmentalhealthinlgbtiqrefugeesseekingpsychosocialsupportingermany
AT tatianakulbakina traumaexperiencesofsexualviolenceandmentalhealthinlgbtiqrefugeesseekingpsychosocialsupportingermany
AT heideglaesmer traumaexperiencesofsexualviolenceandmentalhealthinlgbtiqrefugeesseekingpsychosocialsupportingermany