Non-dysraphic intramedullary lipoma: a case report and review of literature

Abstract Background Non-dysraphic intramedullary lipomas (NDIL) are rare spinal cord tumors that lack spinal dysraphism features, presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report a case of a 2-month-old male with a cervicothoracic intramedullary lipoma. Case presentation He presented with...

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Main Authors: João Nogueira, João Meira, Josué Pereira, Paulo Pereira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-025-00989-y
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author João Nogueira
João Meira
Josué Pereira
Paulo Pereira
author_facet João Nogueira
João Meira
Josué Pereira
Paulo Pereira
author_sort João Nogueira
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Non-dysraphic intramedullary lipomas (NDIL) are rare spinal cord tumors that lack spinal dysraphism features, presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report a case of a 2-month-old male with a cervicothoracic intramedullary lipoma. Case presentation He presented with rapid-onset of upper limb plegia. MRI revealed an intramedullary cervicothoracic lesion with hyperintensity on both T1 and T2-weighted images and fat suppression on STIR sequences, compatible with an intramedullary lipoma. Due to the rapid progression of neurological deficits, surgical decompression was performed. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring was used to optimize neurological safety. A subtotal resection of the lipoma was performed with preservation of neurological function. Postoperative MRI confirmed a reduction in lesion size, and early motor recovery was noted, allowing the child to achieve functional mobility by the time of discharge. At the 2-year follow-up, the patient exhibited near-complete recovery, with only mild residual paresis. Conclusion NDIL, though rare, can lead to significant neurological compromise. Early surgical intervention with subtotal resection and neuromonitoring is effective for decompression while minimizing neurological risks. Long-term follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrence or growth. This case underscores the importance of timely diagnosis and management to prevent irreversible neurological deficits in patients with NDIL.
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spelling doaj-art-557a1e1dfad94bb5b8ae1d5119ab553d2025-08-20T02:36:50ZengSpringerOpenThe Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery1687-83292025-06-016111410.1186/s41983-025-00989-yNon-dysraphic intramedullary lipoma: a case report and review of literatureJoão Nogueira0João Meira1Josué Pereira2Paulo Pereira3Unidade Local de Saúde de BragaUnidade Local de Saúde de São JoãoUnidade Local de Saúde de São JoãoUnidade Local de Saúde de São JoãoAbstract Background Non-dysraphic intramedullary lipomas (NDIL) are rare spinal cord tumors that lack spinal dysraphism features, presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report a case of a 2-month-old male with a cervicothoracic intramedullary lipoma. Case presentation He presented with rapid-onset of upper limb plegia. MRI revealed an intramedullary cervicothoracic lesion with hyperintensity on both T1 and T2-weighted images and fat suppression on STIR sequences, compatible with an intramedullary lipoma. Due to the rapid progression of neurological deficits, surgical decompression was performed. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring was used to optimize neurological safety. A subtotal resection of the lipoma was performed with preservation of neurological function. Postoperative MRI confirmed a reduction in lesion size, and early motor recovery was noted, allowing the child to achieve functional mobility by the time of discharge. At the 2-year follow-up, the patient exhibited near-complete recovery, with only mild residual paresis. Conclusion NDIL, though rare, can lead to significant neurological compromise. Early surgical intervention with subtotal resection and neuromonitoring is effective for decompression while minimizing neurological risks. Long-term follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrence or growth. This case underscores the importance of timely diagnosis and management to prevent irreversible neurological deficits in patients with NDIL.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-025-00989-yIntramedullary lipomaNon-dysraphic lipomaSpinal cordSpinal cord tumor
spellingShingle João Nogueira
João Meira
Josué Pereira
Paulo Pereira
Non-dysraphic intramedullary lipoma: a case report and review of literature
The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery
Intramedullary lipoma
Non-dysraphic lipoma
Spinal cord
Spinal cord tumor
title Non-dysraphic intramedullary lipoma: a case report and review of literature
title_full Non-dysraphic intramedullary lipoma: a case report and review of literature
title_fullStr Non-dysraphic intramedullary lipoma: a case report and review of literature
title_full_unstemmed Non-dysraphic intramedullary lipoma: a case report and review of literature
title_short Non-dysraphic intramedullary lipoma: a case report and review of literature
title_sort non dysraphic intramedullary lipoma a case report and review of literature
topic Intramedullary lipoma
Non-dysraphic lipoma
Spinal cord
Spinal cord tumor
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-025-00989-y
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AT josuepereira nondysraphicintramedullarylipomaacasereportandreviewofliterature
AT paulopereira nondysraphicintramedullarylipomaacasereportandreviewofliterature