Elucidating the role of KLRD1 in coronary atherosclerosis: harnessing bioinformatics and machine learning to advance understanding
Abstract Background Atherosclerosis (AS) is increasingly recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease that significantly compromises vascular health and serves as a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases. KLRD1 is a gene that encodes a protein involved in the immune system, specifically in the...
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BMC
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03473-z |
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| author | Huan Liang Xiao Liang Man Zheng Shoudong Wang |
| author_facet | Huan Liang Xiao Liang Man Zheng Shoudong Wang |
| author_sort | Huan Liang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Atherosclerosis (AS) is increasingly recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease that significantly compromises vascular health and serves as a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases. KLRD1 is a gene that encodes a protein involved in the immune system, specifically in the function of natural killer (NK) cells. Methods KLRD1 was identified as a focal point through an integrative analysis of DEGs across multiple datasets (GSE43292 and GSE9820) from the GEO database, aligned with immune-related gene sets from the ImmPort database. Advanced analytical tools, including Lasso regression and SVM-RFE, were employed to refine our gene selection. We further applied GSEA and GSVA to these gene sets, revealing significant enrichment in immune-related pathways. The relationship between KLRD1 expression and immune processes was examined using CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms to assess tumor microenvironment characteristics, suggesting increased immune cell infiltration associated with higher KLRD1 expression. Validation of these findings was conducted using data from the GSE9820 dataset. Results Among 340 DEGs linked with KLRD1, 13 were identified as hub genes through LASSO and SVM-RFE analyses. Functional assays highlighted KLRD1's role in mononuclear cell differentiation, regulation of cell–cell adhesion, regulation of T cell activation. A Lollipop was created to display the expression patterns of Correlation Coefficient. T cells CD8, Plasma cells, Dendritic cells activated, T cells CD4 memory resting, T cells CD4 memory activated, T cells gamma delta. Conclusions This research elucidates the complex relationship between KLRD1 and AS, underscoring its potential as a novel biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring the disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5575240bf2f74155a9dfeb2e2d60571f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1749-8090 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery |
| spelling | doaj-art-5575240bf2f74155a9dfeb2e2d60571f2025-08-20T03:16:56ZengBMCJournal of Cardiothoracic Surgery1749-80902025-05-0120111710.1186/s13019-025-03473-zElucidating the role of KLRD1 in coronary atherosclerosis: harnessing bioinformatics and machine learning to advance understandingHuan Liang0Xiao Liang1Man Zheng2Shoudong Wang3State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research of MOE, NHC, CAMS and Shandong Province; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityDepartment of Cardiology, The People’s Hospital of JimoDongying People’s Hospital (Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital Group)Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityAbstract Background Atherosclerosis (AS) is increasingly recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease that significantly compromises vascular health and serves as a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases. KLRD1 is a gene that encodes a protein involved in the immune system, specifically in the function of natural killer (NK) cells. Methods KLRD1 was identified as a focal point through an integrative analysis of DEGs across multiple datasets (GSE43292 and GSE9820) from the GEO database, aligned with immune-related gene sets from the ImmPort database. Advanced analytical tools, including Lasso regression and SVM-RFE, were employed to refine our gene selection. We further applied GSEA and GSVA to these gene sets, revealing significant enrichment in immune-related pathways. The relationship between KLRD1 expression and immune processes was examined using CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms to assess tumor microenvironment characteristics, suggesting increased immune cell infiltration associated with higher KLRD1 expression. Validation of these findings was conducted using data from the GSE9820 dataset. Results Among 340 DEGs linked with KLRD1, 13 were identified as hub genes through LASSO and SVM-RFE analyses. Functional assays highlighted KLRD1's role in mononuclear cell differentiation, regulation of cell–cell adhesion, regulation of T cell activation. A Lollipop was created to display the expression patterns of Correlation Coefficient. T cells CD8, Plasma cells, Dendritic cells activated, T cells CD4 memory resting, T cells CD4 memory activated, T cells gamma delta. Conclusions This research elucidates the complex relationship between KLRD1 and AS, underscoring its potential as a novel biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring the disease.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03473-zCoronary Atherosclerosis (AS)KLRD1Lasso regressionSVM-RFEAutoimmune inflammatory disorder |
| spellingShingle | Huan Liang Xiao Liang Man Zheng Shoudong Wang Elucidating the role of KLRD1 in coronary atherosclerosis: harnessing bioinformatics and machine learning to advance understanding Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Coronary Atherosclerosis (AS) KLRD1 Lasso regression SVM-RFE Autoimmune inflammatory disorder |
| title | Elucidating the role of KLRD1 in coronary atherosclerosis: harnessing bioinformatics and machine learning to advance understanding |
| title_full | Elucidating the role of KLRD1 in coronary atherosclerosis: harnessing bioinformatics and machine learning to advance understanding |
| title_fullStr | Elucidating the role of KLRD1 in coronary atherosclerosis: harnessing bioinformatics and machine learning to advance understanding |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elucidating the role of KLRD1 in coronary atherosclerosis: harnessing bioinformatics and machine learning to advance understanding |
| title_short | Elucidating the role of KLRD1 in coronary atherosclerosis: harnessing bioinformatics and machine learning to advance understanding |
| title_sort | elucidating the role of klrd1 in coronary atherosclerosis harnessing bioinformatics and machine learning to advance understanding |
| topic | Coronary Atherosclerosis (AS) KLRD1 Lasso regression SVM-RFE Autoimmune inflammatory disorder |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-025-03473-z |
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