UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS unveils metabolic diversity in Paris L. and highlights medicinal potential of five newly identified species

Paris species are widely distributed across China, with their rhizomes traditionally used in Chinese medicine. P. polyphylla var. chinensis (PPC) and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis (PPY) are listed in the official pharmacopeia and have been extensively studied, however, the metabolic diversity of ot...

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Main Authors: Kangmeng Sun, Yingying Shao, Rong Li, Zhi Wang, Jinghan Wang, Xinyu Luan, Changqiao Wu, Liya Wang, Chunnian He, Qi Tang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1605264/full
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author Kangmeng Sun
Yingying Shao
Rong Li
Zhi Wang
Jinghan Wang
Xinyu Luan
Changqiao Wu
Liya Wang
Chunnian He
Qi Tang
author_facet Kangmeng Sun
Yingying Shao
Rong Li
Zhi Wang
Jinghan Wang
Xinyu Luan
Changqiao Wu
Liya Wang
Chunnian He
Qi Tang
author_sort Kangmeng Sun
collection DOAJ
description Paris species are widely distributed across China, with their rhizomes traditionally used in Chinese medicine. P. polyphylla var. chinensis (PPC) and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis (PPY) are listed in the official pharmacopeia and have been extensively studied, however, the metabolic diversity of other species within the genus remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, a comprehensive UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomic analysis was conducted on rhizomes from 26 Paris species and varieties, five of which have been published in recent years. Multivariate statistical analyses, including PCA and HCA, revealed three distinct metabolic groups. Group 1, dominated by pennogenin saponins, exhibited the highest overall steroidal saponin content. Group 2 displayed lower total saponin levels and marked metabolic heterogeneity, whereas Group 3 was characterized by a predominance of diosgenin saponins. Comparative analysis of the five newly identified species and the two pharmacopoeial species identified 24 common metabolites and 43 differentially accumulated metabolites. Notably, P. xuefengshanensis and P. qiliangiana contained relatively high levels of Polyphyllin I, II, and VII, with P. xuefengshanensis surpassing PPY and PPC. Additionally, P. tengchongensis exhibited notably high relative levels of Gracillin and Protogracillin. These findings highlight the presence of unique metabolites and relatively high concentrations of bioactive steroidal saponins in the newly identified species, suggesting their potential medicinal value, particularly for antitumor and hemostatic applications. This study provides new insights into the metabolic diversity of Paris species and supports the exploration of these under-researched resources for pharmacological use.
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spelling doaj-art-5574022f9e6a45f1b826855e0be248cb2025-08-20T03:51:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-07-011610.3389/fphar.2025.16052641605264UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS unveils metabolic diversity in Paris L. and highlights medicinal potential of five newly identified speciesKangmeng Sun0Yingying Shao1Rong Li2Zhi Wang3Jinghan Wang4Xinyu Luan5Changqiao Wu6Liya Wang7Chunnian He8Qi Tang9State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaYuelushan Lab, College of Horiculture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaResource and Environment College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaYuelushan Lab, College of Horiculture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, ChinaYuelushan Lab, College of Horiculture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-Di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaYuelushan Lab, College of Horiculture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, ChinaParis species are widely distributed across China, with their rhizomes traditionally used in Chinese medicine. P. polyphylla var. chinensis (PPC) and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis (PPY) are listed in the official pharmacopeia and have been extensively studied, however, the metabolic diversity of other species within the genus remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, a comprehensive UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomic analysis was conducted on rhizomes from 26 Paris species and varieties, five of which have been published in recent years. Multivariate statistical analyses, including PCA and HCA, revealed three distinct metabolic groups. Group 1, dominated by pennogenin saponins, exhibited the highest overall steroidal saponin content. Group 2 displayed lower total saponin levels and marked metabolic heterogeneity, whereas Group 3 was characterized by a predominance of diosgenin saponins. Comparative analysis of the five newly identified species and the two pharmacopoeial species identified 24 common metabolites and 43 differentially accumulated metabolites. Notably, P. xuefengshanensis and P. qiliangiana contained relatively high levels of Polyphyllin I, II, and VII, with P. xuefengshanensis surpassing PPY and PPC. Additionally, P. tengchongensis exhibited notably high relative levels of Gracillin and Protogracillin. These findings highlight the presence of unique metabolites and relatively high concentrations of bioactive steroidal saponins in the newly identified species, suggesting their potential medicinal value, particularly for antitumor and hemostatic applications. This study provides new insights into the metabolic diversity of Paris species and supports the exploration of these under-researched resources for pharmacological use.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1605264/fullParis L. (Melanthiaceae)metabolomicsmetabolic profilingsteroidal saponinsnewly identified speciesmedicinal potential
spellingShingle Kangmeng Sun
Yingying Shao
Rong Li
Zhi Wang
Jinghan Wang
Xinyu Luan
Changqiao Wu
Liya Wang
Chunnian He
Qi Tang
UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS unveils metabolic diversity in Paris L. and highlights medicinal potential of five newly identified species
Frontiers in Pharmacology
Paris L. (Melanthiaceae)
metabolomics
metabolic profiling
steroidal saponins
newly identified species
medicinal potential
title UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS unveils metabolic diversity in Paris L. and highlights medicinal potential of five newly identified species
title_full UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS unveils metabolic diversity in Paris L. and highlights medicinal potential of five newly identified species
title_fullStr UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS unveils metabolic diversity in Paris L. and highlights medicinal potential of five newly identified species
title_full_unstemmed UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS unveils metabolic diversity in Paris L. and highlights medicinal potential of five newly identified species
title_short UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS unveils metabolic diversity in Paris L. and highlights medicinal potential of five newly identified species
title_sort uhplc q tof ms unveils metabolic diversity in paris l and highlights medicinal potential of five newly identified species
topic Paris L. (Melanthiaceae)
metabolomics
metabolic profiling
steroidal saponins
newly identified species
medicinal potential
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1605264/full
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