Thermal Carbonization of Biomass Wood Dust and Algae Wastes via Microwave-Assisted H3PO4: Desirability Function and Statistical Optimization for Methylene Blue Dye Removal Authors
This research utilized a carbonization procedure via microwave irradiation assisted by H3PO4 to generate a cost-effective adsorbent (CWDAG) from wood dust (WD) and algal (AG) biomass. The resulting CWDAG adsorbent was characterized for its methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption properties. The activatio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Al-Ayen Iraqi University
2025-04-01
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| Series: | AUIQ Complementary Biological System |
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| Online Access: | https://acbs.alayen.edu.iq/journal/vol2/iss1/5/ |
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| author | Raja Razuan Raja Deris Hazierul F. Awang Muhammad Hakim Azman Intan Nur Hidayah Abdul Rashid Ahmad Hapiz Ruihong Wu Abdallah Reghioua Zaher Mundher Yaseen Lee D. Wilson |
| author_facet | Raja Razuan Raja Deris Hazierul F. Awang Muhammad Hakim Azman Intan Nur Hidayah Abdul Rashid Ahmad Hapiz Ruihong Wu Abdallah Reghioua Zaher Mundher Yaseen Lee D. Wilson |
| author_sort | Raja Razuan Raja Deris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research utilized a carbonization procedure via microwave irradiation assisted by H3PO4 to generate a cost-effective adsorbent (CWDAG) from wood dust (WD) and algal (AG) biomass. The resulting CWDAG adsorbent was characterized for its methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption properties. The activation process employs 800 W microwave radiation for 15 min under a nitrogen gas (99.99%) atmosphere. Multiple techniques were employed to study the physicochemical properties of CWDAG, such as FTIR, XRD, FSEM-EDX, pHpzc, and BET. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the three important parameters of adsorption, as follows: A: CWDAG dosage (0.02–0.12 g), B: pH (4–10), and C: contact time (30–420) min. BBD results show the highest removal of MB (98.6%) was met with a contact period of 225 min, a dosage of 0.12 g/100 mL of CWDAG at pH 10. Analysis of the kinetic profiles show that MB adsorption onto CWDAG occurred via a pseudo-second order (PSO) model. Adsorption isotherm analysis at equilibrium confirm that the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models fit the equilibrium data with similar goodness-of-fit results. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of CWDAG for MB is 32.3 mg/g. The possible mechanism of MB adsorption on the CWDAG surface include several contributions such as π–π stacking, H-bonding electrostatic forces, and pore filling. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5573163ff09e46b6980ad2ce4b8d7f55 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 3007-973X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Al-Ayen Iraqi University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AUIQ Complementary Biological System |
| spelling | doaj-art-5573163ff09e46b6980ad2ce4b8d7f552025-08-20T03:38:02ZengAl-Ayen Iraqi UniversityAUIQ Complementary Biological System3007-973X2025-04-0121607610.70176/3007-973X.1023Thermal Carbonization of Biomass Wood Dust and Algae Wastes via Microwave-Assisted H3PO4: Desirability Function and Statistical Optimization for Methylene Blue Dye Removal AuthorsRaja Razuan Raja Deris0Hazierul F. Awang1Muhammad Hakim Azman2Intan Nur Hidayah Abdul Rashid3Ahmad Hapiz4Ruihong Wu5Abdallah Reghioua6Zaher Mundher Yaseen7Lee D. Wilson8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-3102Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development (ABCD) Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development (ABCD) Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiDeparment of Chemistry, Hengshui University, 053500 Hebei Province, Hengshui, China Fac. Technology, University of El Oued, 39000 El Oued, Algeria Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK. S7N 5C9 CanadaThis research utilized a carbonization procedure via microwave irradiation assisted by H3PO4 to generate a cost-effective adsorbent (CWDAG) from wood dust (WD) and algal (AG) biomass. The resulting CWDAG adsorbent was characterized for its methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption properties. The activation process employs 800 W microwave radiation for 15 min under a nitrogen gas (99.99%) atmosphere. Multiple techniques were employed to study the physicochemical properties of CWDAG, such as FTIR, XRD, FSEM-EDX, pHpzc, and BET. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the three important parameters of adsorption, as follows: A: CWDAG dosage (0.02–0.12 g), B: pH (4–10), and C: contact time (30–420) min. BBD results show the highest removal of MB (98.6%) was met with a contact period of 225 min, a dosage of 0.12 g/100 mL of CWDAG at pH 10. Analysis of the kinetic profiles show that MB adsorption onto CWDAG occurred via a pseudo-second order (PSO) model. Adsorption isotherm analysis at equilibrium confirm that the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models fit the equilibrium data with similar goodness-of-fit results. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of CWDAG for MB is 32.3 mg/g. The possible mechanism of MB adsorption on the CWDAG surface include several contributions such as π–π stacking, H-bonding electrostatic forces, and pore filling.https://acbs.alayen.edu.iq/journal/vol2/iss1/5/wood dustalgaemicrowavecarbonizationmethylene blue |
| spellingShingle | Raja Razuan Raja Deris Hazierul F. Awang Muhammad Hakim Azman Intan Nur Hidayah Abdul Rashid Ahmad Hapiz Ruihong Wu Abdallah Reghioua Zaher Mundher Yaseen Lee D. Wilson Thermal Carbonization of Biomass Wood Dust and Algae Wastes via Microwave-Assisted H3PO4: Desirability Function and Statistical Optimization for Methylene Blue Dye Removal Authors AUIQ Complementary Biological System wood dust algae microwave carbonization methylene blue |
| title | Thermal Carbonization of Biomass Wood Dust and Algae Wastes via Microwave-Assisted H3PO4: Desirability Function and Statistical Optimization for Methylene Blue Dye Removal Authors |
| title_full | Thermal Carbonization of Biomass Wood Dust and Algae Wastes via Microwave-Assisted H3PO4: Desirability Function and Statistical Optimization for Methylene Blue Dye Removal Authors |
| title_fullStr | Thermal Carbonization of Biomass Wood Dust and Algae Wastes via Microwave-Assisted H3PO4: Desirability Function and Statistical Optimization for Methylene Blue Dye Removal Authors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermal Carbonization of Biomass Wood Dust and Algae Wastes via Microwave-Assisted H3PO4: Desirability Function and Statistical Optimization for Methylene Blue Dye Removal Authors |
| title_short | Thermal Carbonization of Biomass Wood Dust and Algae Wastes via Microwave-Assisted H3PO4: Desirability Function and Statistical Optimization for Methylene Blue Dye Removal Authors |
| title_sort | thermal carbonization of biomass wood dust and algae wastes via microwave assisted h3po4 desirability function and statistical optimization for methylene blue dye removal authors |
| topic | wood dust algae microwave carbonization methylene blue |
| url | https://acbs.alayen.edu.iq/journal/vol2/iss1/5/ |
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