Reaction Behavior and Kinetic Model of Hydroisomerization and Hydroaromatization of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline

The hydro-upgrading reaction behavior of model compound 1-hexene and FCC middle gasoline was investigated using a fixed-bed hydrogenation microreactor with a prepared La-Ni-Zn/H-ZSM-5 catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by wetness impregnation method, using hydrothermal treated H-ZSM-5 zeolite blend...

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Main Authors: Haijun Zhong, Xiwen Song, Shuai He, Xuerui Zhang, Qingxun Li, Haicheng Xiao, Xiaowei Hu, Yue Wang, Boyan Chen, Wangliang Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/4/783
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author Haijun Zhong
Xiwen Song
Shuai He
Xuerui Zhang
Qingxun Li
Haicheng Xiao
Xiaowei Hu
Yue Wang
Boyan Chen
Wangliang Li
author_facet Haijun Zhong
Xiwen Song
Shuai He
Xuerui Zhang
Qingxun Li
Haicheng Xiao
Xiaowei Hu
Yue Wang
Boyan Chen
Wangliang Li
author_sort Haijun Zhong
collection DOAJ
description The hydro-upgrading reaction behavior of model compound 1-hexene and FCC middle gasoline was investigated using a fixed-bed hydrogenation microreactor with a prepared La-Ni-Zn/H-ZSM-5 catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by wetness impregnation method, using hydrothermal treated H-ZSM-5 zeolite blended with alumina as the support, and La, Ni, Zn as the active metals. The reaction tests were carried out at 300–380 °C, 1.0 MPa, 1.5–3.0 h<sup>−1</sup> (LSHV), and 300:1 <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> (H<sub>2</sub>/oil). Analyzing the changes in hydrocarbon components before and after hydro-upgrading elucidated the mechanistic pathways of olefin hydroisomerization and hydroaromatization. Based on these findings, a seven-lump kinetic model was established for the FCC middle gasoline hydro-upgrading process. Given the diversity and complexity of reaction products, they were grouped into seven lumps: normal paraffins, isoparaffins, linear olefins, branched olefins, cycloolefins, naphthenes, and aromatics. Kinetic parameters were estimated using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and validated against experimental data. The results showed that the conversion of naphthenes to aromatics exhibited the highest activation energy and pre-exponential factor, resulting in the largest reaction rate increase within the 320–380 °C range. The model accurately predicted the product yields of FCC gasoline hydro-upgrading, with a relative error of less than 5%. These findings provide valuable guidance for the optimization, design, and operation of FCC gasoline hydro-upgrading units, as well as for catalyst development, with the aim of improving process efficiency and fuel quality.
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series Molecules
spelling doaj-art-5571f54d6dbb488d9f11bfba0f56fdbd2025-08-20T02:44:39ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-02-0130478310.3390/molecules30040783Reaction Behavior and Kinetic Model of Hydroisomerization and Hydroaromatization of Fluid Catalytic Cracking GasolineHaijun Zhong0Xiwen Song1Shuai He2Xuerui Zhang3Qingxun Li4Haicheng Xiao5Xiaowei Hu6Yue Wang7Boyan Chen8Wangliang Li9Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, ChinaPetrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, ChinaPetrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, ChinaPetrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, ChinaPetrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, ChinaPetrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, ChinaPetrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, ChinaPetrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, ChinaPetrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 102206, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaThe hydro-upgrading reaction behavior of model compound 1-hexene and FCC middle gasoline was investigated using a fixed-bed hydrogenation microreactor with a prepared La-Ni-Zn/H-ZSM-5 catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by wetness impregnation method, using hydrothermal treated H-ZSM-5 zeolite blended with alumina as the support, and La, Ni, Zn as the active metals. The reaction tests were carried out at 300–380 °C, 1.0 MPa, 1.5–3.0 h<sup>−1</sup> (LSHV), and 300:1 <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> (H<sub>2</sub>/oil). Analyzing the changes in hydrocarbon components before and after hydro-upgrading elucidated the mechanistic pathways of olefin hydroisomerization and hydroaromatization. Based on these findings, a seven-lump kinetic model was established for the FCC middle gasoline hydro-upgrading process. Given the diversity and complexity of reaction products, they were grouped into seven lumps: normal paraffins, isoparaffins, linear olefins, branched olefins, cycloolefins, naphthenes, and aromatics. Kinetic parameters were estimated using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and validated against experimental data. The results showed that the conversion of naphthenes to aromatics exhibited the highest activation energy and pre-exponential factor, resulting in the largest reaction rate increase within the 320–380 °C range. The model accurately predicted the product yields of FCC gasoline hydro-upgrading, with a relative error of less than 5%. These findings provide valuable guidance for the optimization, design, and operation of FCC gasoline hydro-upgrading units, as well as for catalyst development, with the aim of improving process efficiency and fuel quality.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/4/783FCC gasolinehydro-upgradinghydroisomerizationhydroaromatizationkinetic model
spellingShingle Haijun Zhong
Xiwen Song
Shuai He
Xuerui Zhang
Qingxun Li
Haicheng Xiao
Xiaowei Hu
Yue Wang
Boyan Chen
Wangliang Li
Reaction Behavior and Kinetic Model of Hydroisomerization and Hydroaromatization of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline
Molecules
FCC gasoline
hydro-upgrading
hydroisomerization
hydroaromatization
kinetic model
title Reaction Behavior and Kinetic Model of Hydroisomerization and Hydroaromatization of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline
title_full Reaction Behavior and Kinetic Model of Hydroisomerization and Hydroaromatization of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline
title_fullStr Reaction Behavior and Kinetic Model of Hydroisomerization and Hydroaromatization of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline
title_full_unstemmed Reaction Behavior and Kinetic Model of Hydroisomerization and Hydroaromatization of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline
title_short Reaction Behavior and Kinetic Model of Hydroisomerization and Hydroaromatization of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline
title_sort reaction behavior and kinetic model of hydroisomerization and hydroaromatization of fluid catalytic cracking gasoline
topic FCC gasoline
hydro-upgrading
hydroisomerization
hydroaromatization
kinetic model
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/4/783
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