Early prediction of Li-ion cell failure from EIS derived from current–voltage time series

The ability to reliably detect the forthcoming failure of a rechargeable cell without removing it from its normal operating environment remains a significant goal in battery research. In this work we have cycled in the laboratory a previously-aged 3.2 A h, 3.6 V 18650 INR LiNi _x Mn _y Co $ _{1-x-y}...

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Main Authors: M T Wilson, V Farrow, C J Dunn, L Cowie, M J Cree, J Bjerkan, A Stefanovska, J B Scott
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:JPhys Energy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad97df
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author M T Wilson
V Farrow
C J Dunn
L Cowie
M J Cree
J Bjerkan
A Stefanovska
J B Scott
author_facet M T Wilson
V Farrow
C J Dunn
L Cowie
M J Cree
J Bjerkan
A Stefanovska
J B Scott
author_sort M T Wilson
collection DOAJ
description The ability to reliably detect the forthcoming failure of a rechargeable cell without removing it from its normal operating environment remains a significant goal in battery research. In this work we have cycled in the laboratory a previously-aged 3.2 A h, 3.6 V 18650 INR LiNi _x Mn _y Co $ _{1-x-y}$ O _2 cell for 300 d until failure was apparent, using a current waveform representative of use in an electric vehicle application. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) down to 5 µ Hz was also performed on the cell as a ‘gold-standard’ measure, at the beginning, end and part way through the cycling. Analysis of voltage and current time series data using both parametric (equivalent circuit model) and non-parametric (wavelet-based analysis) approaches allowed us to successfully reconstruct the EIS data. As the battery aged, impedance gradually increased at frequencies between 10 ^−4 Hz—10 ^−1 Hz. The increase accelerated around 50 d before the battery ultimately failed. The acceleration in rate of change of impedance was detectable while the cycle efficiency remained high, indicating that a user of the cell would be unlikely to detect any change in the cell based on its performance or by common measures of state-of-health. The results imply upcoming failure may be detectable from time series analysis weeks before any noticeable drop in cell performance.
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spelling doaj-art-5547c7d2fd9b4ea1930274160e11de052025-08-20T01:48:15ZengIOP PublishingJPhys Energy2515-76552025-01-017202500110.1088/2515-7655/ad97dfEarly prediction of Li-ion cell failure from EIS derived from current–voltage time seriesM T Wilson0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6214-7727V Farrow1C J Dunn2L Cowie3M J Cree4J Bjerkan5A Stefanovska6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-8370J B Scott7Te Aka Mãtuatua—School of Science, University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandTe Kura Mata-Ao—School of Engineering, University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandTe Kura Mata-Ao—School of Engineering, University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandTe Kura Mata-Ao—School of Engineering, University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandTe Kura Mata-Ao—School of Engineering, University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandDepartment of Physics, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB, United KingdomDepartment of Physics, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB, United KingdomTe Kura Mata-Ao—School of Engineering, University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandThe ability to reliably detect the forthcoming failure of a rechargeable cell without removing it from its normal operating environment remains a significant goal in battery research. In this work we have cycled in the laboratory a previously-aged 3.2 A h, 3.6 V 18650 INR LiNi _x Mn _y Co $ _{1-x-y}$ O _2 cell for 300 d until failure was apparent, using a current waveform representative of use in an electric vehicle application. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) down to 5 µ Hz was also performed on the cell as a ‘gold-standard’ measure, at the beginning, end and part way through the cycling. Analysis of voltage and current time series data using both parametric (equivalent circuit model) and non-parametric (wavelet-based analysis) approaches allowed us to successfully reconstruct the EIS data. As the battery aged, impedance gradually increased at frequencies between 10 ^−4 Hz—10 ^−1 Hz. The increase accelerated around 50 d before the battery ultimately failed. The acceleration in rate of change of impedance was detectable while the cycle efficiency remained high, indicating that a user of the cell would be unlikely to detect any change in the cell based on its performance or by common measures of state-of-health. The results imply upcoming failure may be detectable from time series analysis weeks before any noticeable drop in cell performance.https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad97dfequivalent circuit modelstate of healthcycle capacityfractional integralconstant phase elementelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy
spellingShingle M T Wilson
V Farrow
C J Dunn
L Cowie
M J Cree
J Bjerkan
A Stefanovska
J B Scott
Early prediction of Li-ion cell failure from EIS derived from current–voltage time series
JPhys Energy
equivalent circuit model
state of health
cycle capacity
fractional integral
constant phase element
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
title Early prediction of Li-ion cell failure from EIS derived from current–voltage time series
title_full Early prediction of Li-ion cell failure from EIS derived from current–voltage time series
title_fullStr Early prediction of Li-ion cell failure from EIS derived from current–voltage time series
title_full_unstemmed Early prediction of Li-ion cell failure from EIS derived from current–voltage time series
title_short Early prediction of Li-ion cell failure from EIS derived from current–voltage time series
title_sort early prediction of li ion cell failure from eis derived from current voltage time series
topic equivalent circuit model
state of health
cycle capacity
fractional integral
constant phase element
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad97df
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