High-Order Domain-Wall Dark Harmonic Pulses and Their Transition to H-Shaped and DSR Pulses in a Dumbbell-Shaped Fiber Laser at 1563 nm

In this work, we report the formation of multiple mode-locking states in an Erbium/Ytterbium co-doped fiber laser, such as domain-wall (DW) dark pulses, high-order dark harmonic pulses, dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) pulses, and dual-wavelength h-shaped pulses. By increasing the pump power and...

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Main Authors: Alejandro Reyes-Mora, Manuel Durán-Sánchez, Edwin Addiel Espinosa-De-La-Cruz, Ulises Alcántara-Bautista, Adalid Ibarra-Garrido, Ivan Armas-Rivera, Luis Alberto Rodríguez-Morales, Miguel Bello-Jiménez, Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Micromachines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/727
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author Alejandro Reyes-Mora
Manuel Durán-Sánchez
Edwin Addiel Espinosa-De-La-Cruz
Ulises Alcántara-Bautista
Adalid Ibarra-Garrido
Ivan Armas-Rivera
Luis Alberto Rodríguez-Morales
Miguel Bello-Jiménez
Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla
author_facet Alejandro Reyes-Mora
Manuel Durán-Sánchez
Edwin Addiel Espinosa-De-La-Cruz
Ulises Alcántara-Bautista
Adalid Ibarra-Garrido
Ivan Armas-Rivera
Luis Alberto Rodríguez-Morales
Miguel Bello-Jiménez
Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla
author_sort Alejandro Reyes-Mora
collection DOAJ
description In this work, we report the formation of multiple mode-locking states in an Erbium/Ytterbium co-doped fiber laser, such as domain-wall (DW) dark pulses, high-order dark harmonic pulses, dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) pulses, and dual-wavelength h-shaped pulses. By increasing the pump power and adjusting the quarter-wave retarder (QWR) plates, we experimentally achieve 310th-order harmonic dark pulses. DSR pulses emerge at a pump power of 1.01 W and remain stable up to 9.07 W, reaching a maximum pulse width of 676 ns and a pulse energy of 1.608 µJ, while Dual-wavelength h-shaped pulses have a threshold of 1.42 W and maintain stability up to 9.07 W. Using a monochromator, we confirm that these h-shaped pulses result from the superposition of a soliton-like pulse and a DSR-like pulse, emitting at different wavelengths but locked in time. The fundamental repetition rate for dark pulsing, DSR, and h-shaped pulses is 321.34 kHz. This study provides new insights into complex pulse dynamics in fiber lasers and demonstrates the versatile emission regimes achievable through precise pump and polarization control.
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spelling doaj-art-5541c01302484ed4a32af6215e62d9302025-08-20T03:08:10ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-06-0116772710.3390/mi16070727High-Order Domain-Wall Dark Harmonic Pulses and Their Transition to H-Shaped and DSR Pulses in a Dumbbell-Shaped Fiber Laser at 1563 nmAlejandro Reyes-Mora0Manuel Durán-Sánchez1Edwin Addiel Espinosa-De-La-Cruz2Ulises Alcántara-Bautista3Adalid Ibarra-Garrido4Ivan Armas-Rivera5Luis Alberto Rodríguez-Morales6Miguel Bello-Jiménez7Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla8Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro, Sta. María Tonantzintla, Puebla 72824, MexicoInstituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro, Sta. María Tonantzintla, Puebla 72824, MexicoInstituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro, Sta. María Tonantzintla, Puebla 72824, MexicoInstituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro, Sta. María Tonantzintla, Puebla 72824, MexicoInstituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro, Sta. María Tonantzintla, Puebla 72824, MexicoInstituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro, Sta. María Tonantzintla, Puebla 72824, MexicoCentro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C., Loma de Bosque 115, Col. Lomas del Campestre, León 37115, MexicoInstituto de Investigación en Comunicación Óptica, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Karakorum, San Luis Potosí 78210, MexicoInstituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro, Sta. María Tonantzintla, Puebla 72824, MexicoIn this work, we report the formation of multiple mode-locking states in an Erbium/Ytterbium co-doped fiber laser, such as domain-wall (DW) dark pulses, high-order dark harmonic pulses, dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) pulses, and dual-wavelength h-shaped pulses. By increasing the pump power and adjusting the quarter-wave retarder (QWR) plates, we experimentally achieve 310th-order harmonic dark pulses. DSR pulses emerge at a pump power of 1.01 W and remain stable up to 9.07 W, reaching a maximum pulse width of 676 ns and a pulse energy of 1.608 µJ, while Dual-wavelength h-shaped pulses have a threshold of 1.42 W and maintain stability up to 9.07 W. Using a monochromator, we confirm that these h-shaped pulses result from the superposition of a soliton-like pulse and a DSR-like pulse, emitting at different wavelengths but locked in time. The fundamental repetition rate for dark pulsing, DSR, and h-shaped pulses is 321.34 kHz. This study provides new insights into complex pulse dynamics in fiber lasers and demonstrates the versatile emission regimes achievable through precise pump and polarization control.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/727high-order dark pulseDSR pulseh-shaped pulsedual-wavelengthmode-locked fiber laser
spellingShingle Alejandro Reyes-Mora
Manuel Durán-Sánchez
Edwin Addiel Espinosa-De-La-Cruz
Ulises Alcántara-Bautista
Adalid Ibarra-Garrido
Ivan Armas-Rivera
Luis Alberto Rodríguez-Morales
Miguel Bello-Jiménez
Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla
High-Order Domain-Wall Dark Harmonic Pulses and Their Transition to H-Shaped and DSR Pulses in a Dumbbell-Shaped Fiber Laser at 1563 nm
Micromachines
high-order dark pulse
DSR pulse
h-shaped pulse
dual-wavelength
mode-locked fiber laser
title High-Order Domain-Wall Dark Harmonic Pulses and Their Transition to H-Shaped and DSR Pulses in a Dumbbell-Shaped Fiber Laser at 1563 nm
title_full High-Order Domain-Wall Dark Harmonic Pulses and Their Transition to H-Shaped and DSR Pulses in a Dumbbell-Shaped Fiber Laser at 1563 nm
title_fullStr High-Order Domain-Wall Dark Harmonic Pulses and Their Transition to H-Shaped and DSR Pulses in a Dumbbell-Shaped Fiber Laser at 1563 nm
title_full_unstemmed High-Order Domain-Wall Dark Harmonic Pulses and Their Transition to H-Shaped and DSR Pulses in a Dumbbell-Shaped Fiber Laser at 1563 nm
title_short High-Order Domain-Wall Dark Harmonic Pulses and Their Transition to H-Shaped and DSR Pulses in a Dumbbell-Shaped Fiber Laser at 1563 nm
title_sort high order domain wall dark harmonic pulses and their transition to h shaped and dsr pulses in a dumbbell shaped fiber laser at 1563 nm
topic high-order dark pulse
DSR pulse
h-shaped pulse
dual-wavelength
mode-locked fiber laser
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/727
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