The dwarf & pale leaf mutation reduces chloroplast numbers, resulting in sugar depletion that inhibits leaf growth of maize seedlings
Plant growth is ultimately driven by cell division and expansion, but how these processes are regulated to mediate a wide range of genotypic variation in organ size is still poorly understood. To address this, we screened an EMS maize mutant population to identify a new EMS maize dwarf mutant with s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Current Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000914 |
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| author | Hamada AbdElgawad Katrien Sprangers Sofie Thys Isabel Pintelon Bart Cuypers Mohamed A. El-Tayeb Clifford Weil Kris Laukens Gerrit T.S. Beemster |
| author_facet | Hamada AbdElgawad Katrien Sprangers Sofie Thys Isabel Pintelon Bart Cuypers Mohamed A. El-Tayeb Clifford Weil Kris Laukens Gerrit T.S. Beemster |
| author_sort | Hamada AbdElgawad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plant growth is ultimately driven by cell division and expansion, but how these processes are regulated to mediate a wide range of genotypic variation in organ size is still poorly understood. To address this, we screened an EMS maize mutant population to identify a new EMS maize dwarf mutant with small, pale-yellow leaves (dpl). The mutation was mapped to a region of 11.58 Mb at the 3’ end of chromosome 7. We identified Zm00001d022394 as a potential causal gene for the dpl phenotype, encoding a pentatricopeptide repeat-containing (PPR) family protein involved in chloroplast gene expression and function, explaining the pale color of dpl. Mature dpl leaves are thinner and shorter due to a reduced number of cells of approximately normal length. The chloroplasts of dpl are reduced in size and number, correlating with a decreased chlorophyll content, however chloroplast ultrastructure was not affected. Consistent with the reduced chlorophyll content photosynthetic rate of dpl were reduced by 50 % and a 30 reduction of Fv/Fm suggests photoinhibition. As a consequence, soluble and insoluble sugar levels are severely reduced throughout the leaf growth zone. At the cell level reduced cell division rates and size of the division zone, explain the reduced leaf elongation rate (LER). The growth of dpl leaves can be restored by supplying growing leaves with sucrose through their cut tips, which also restores sucrose levels in the division zone of maize leaf, demonstrating that limited sugar availability explains the reduced growth phenotype. Inversely, we phenocopied the mutant growth phenotype by inhibiting photosynthetic electron transport in wild type plants with DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea). Our study of dpl provides a functional link between inhibition of photosynthesis, soluble sugar flux to the leaf growth zone, the regulation of cell division and whole leaf growth. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-553e527782ae43c1b98bd317c99e073d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-6628 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-553e527782ae43c1b98bd317c99e073d2024-12-12T05:21:46ZengElsevierCurrent Plant Biology2214-66282024-12-0140100409The dwarf & pale leaf mutation reduces chloroplast numbers, resulting in sugar depletion that inhibits leaf growth of maize seedlingsHamada AbdElgawad0Katrien Sprangers1Sofie Thys2Isabel Pintelon3Bart Cuypers4Mohamed A. El-Tayeb5Clifford Weil6Kris Laukens7Gerrit T.S. Beemster8Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Corresponding author at: Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium.Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, BelgiumLaboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Antwerp Centre for Advanced Microscopy (ACAM), University of Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, BelgiumBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Agronomy, Purdue University, IN 47907, USADepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Antwerp, BelgiumLaboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, BelgiumPlant growth is ultimately driven by cell division and expansion, but how these processes are regulated to mediate a wide range of genotypic variation in organ size is still poorly understood. To address this, we screened an EMS maize mutant population to identify a new EMS maize dwarf mutant with small, pale-yellow leaves (dpl). The mutation was mapped to a region of 11.58 Mb at the 3’ end of chromosome 7. We identified Zm00001d022394 as a potential causal gene for the dpl phenotype, encoding a pentatricopeptide repeat-containing (PPR) family protein involved in chloroplast gene expression and function, explaining the pale color of dpl. Mature dpl leaves are thinner and shorter due to a reduced number of cells of approximately normal length. The chloroplasts of dpl are reduced in size and number, correlating with a decreased chlorophyll content, however chloroplast ultrastructure was not affected. Consistent with the reduced chlorophyll content photosynthetic rate of dpl were reduced by 50 % and a 30 reduction of Fv/Fm suggests photoinhibition. As a consequence, soluble and insoluble sugar levels are severely reduced throughout the leaf growth zone. At the cell level reduced cell division rates and size of the division zone, explain the reduced leaf elongation rate (LER). The growth of dpl leaves can be restored by supplying growing leaves with sucrose through their cut tips, which also restores sucrose levels in the division zone of maize leaf, demonstrating that limited sugar availability explains the reduced growth phenotype. Inversely, we phenocopied the mutant growth phenotype by inhibiting photosynthetic electron transport in wild type plants with DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea). Our study of dpl provides a functional link between inhibition of photosynthesis, soluble sugar flux to the leaf growth zone, the regulation of cell division and whole leaf growth.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000914Cell divisionChlorophyllChloroplastdplDwarfGrowth |
| spellingShingle | Hamada AbdElgawad Katrien Sprangers Sofie Thys Isabel Pintelon Bart Cuypers Mohamed A. El-Tayeb Clifford Weil Kris Laukens Gerrit T.S. Beemster The dwarf & pale leaf mutation reduces chloroplast numbers, resulting in sugar depletion that inhibits leaf growth of maize seedlings Current Plant Biology Cell division Chlorophyll Chloroplast dpl Dwarf Growth |
| title | The dwarf & pale leaf mutation reduces chloroplast numbers, resulting in sugar depletion that inhibits leaf growth of maize seedlings |
| title_full | The dwarf & pale leaf mutation reduces chloroplast numbers, resulting in sugar depletion that inhibits leaf growth of maize seedlings |
| title_fullStr | The dwarf & pale leaf mutation reduces chloroplast numbers, resulting in sugar depletion that inhibits leaf growth of maize seedlings |
| title_full_unstemmed | The dwarf & pale leaf mutation reduces chloroplast numbers, resulting in sugar depletion that inhibits leaf growth of maize seedlings |
| title_short | The dwarf & pale leaf mutation reduces chloroplast numbers, resulting in sugar depletion that inhibits leaf growth of maize seedlings |
| title_sort | dwarf amp pale leaf mutation reduces chloroplast numbers resulting in sugar depletion that inhibits leaf growth of maize seedlings |
| topic | Cell division Chlorophyll Chloroplast dpl Dwarf Growth |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214662824000914 |
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