Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome potentially associated with COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and literature review

To investigate the potential association between COVID-19 vaccination and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome, offering novel insights for the diagnosis and management of vaccine-related ocular disorders. A case report combined with a literature review was conducted. A 19-year-old male developing VK...

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Main Authors: Zhiqiang Cui, Yan Luo, Yanli Yi, Xuli Guo, Yuqi Liu, Xiang Wang, Xiaonan Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-07-01
Series:Immunological Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/25785826.2025.2528331
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author Zhiqiang Cui
Yan Luo
Yanli Yi
Xuli Guo
Yuqi Liu
Xiang Wang
Xiaonan Liu
author_facet Zhiqiang Cui
Yan Luo
Yanli Yi
Xuli Guo
Yuqi Liu
Xiang Wang
Xiaonan Liu
author_sort Zhiqiang Cui
collection DOAJ
description To investigate the potential association between COVID-19 vaccination and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome, offering novel insights for the diagnosis and management of vaccine-related ocular disorders. A case report combined with a literature review was conducted. A 19-year-old male developing VKH after receiving the second dose of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine was analyzed. Clinical features, treatment outcomes (glucocorticoid therapy with 2-year follow-up), and literature-based comparisons were evaluated. PubMed-indexed cases of vaccine-associated VKH were systematically reviewed, and causality was assessed using the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale. The patient presented with bilateral blurred vision 14 days post-vaccination, diagnosed as VKH with retinal neuroepithelial detachment via fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Oral prednisone (starting at 60 mg/day, tapered gradually)restored visual acuity to near-normal levels (OD: 20/40, OS: 20/33), consistent with the patient’s reported baseline vision. Within 8 weeks, with no recurrence during follow-up. Literature analysis revealed vaccine-associated VKH symptoms typically emerged at a median of 8 days post-vaccination, aligning with the WHO’s 40-day adverse event monitoring window. A Naranjo score of 4 indicated a probable vaccine-triggered immune response. COVID-19 vaccines may induce VKH via immune dysregulation mechanisms, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals. Although causality remains unconfirmed, clinicians should maintain vigilance for acute bilateral uveitis post-vaccination. Glucocorticoid therapy demonstrates efficacy in symptom resolution and relapse prevention. Enhanced active surveillance and mechanistic studies on vaccine-related ocular adverse events are warranted.
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spelling doaj-art-5532ecdf07bc40fa8cd97752c02e54a72025-08-20T03:28:06ZengTaylor & Francis GroupImmunological Medicine2578-58262025-07-0111410.1080/25785826.2025.2528331Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome potentially associated with COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and literature reviewZhiqiang Cui0Yan Luo1Yanli Yi2Xuli Guo3Yuqi Liu4Xiang Wang5Xiaonan Liu6Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, ChinaDepartment of Reproductive Genetics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, ChinaDepartment of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, ChinaHebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, ChinaHebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, ChinaSpace Engineering University, Beijing, ChinaHe University, Liaoning, Shenyang, ChinaTo investigate the potential association between COVID-19 vaccination and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome, offering novel insights for the diagnosis and management of vaccine-related ocular disorders. A case report combined with a literature review was conducted. A 19-year-old male developing VKH after receiving the second dose of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine was analyzed. Clinical features, treatment outcomes (glucocorticoid therapy with 2-year follow-up), and literature-based comparisons were evaluated. PubMed-indexed cases of vaccine-associated VKH were systematically reviewed, and causality was assessed using the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale. The patient presented with bilateral blurred vision 14 days post-vaccination, diagnosed as VKH with retinal neuroepithelial detachment via fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Oral prednisone (starting at 60 mg/day, tapered gradually)restored visual acuity to near-normal levels (OD: 20/40, OS: 20/33), consistent with the patient’s reported baseline vision. Within 8 weeks, with no recurrence during follow-up. Literature analysis revealed vaccine-associated VKH symptoms typically emerged at a median of 8 days post-vaccination, aligning with the WHO’s 40-day adverse event monitoring window. A Naranjo score of 4 indicated a probable vaccine-triggered immune response. COVID-19 vaccines may induce VKH via immune dysregulation mechanisms, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals. Although causality remains unconfirmed, clinicians should maintain vigilance for acute bilateral uveitis post-vaccination. Glucocorticoid therapy demonstrates efficacy in symptom resolution and relapse prevention. Enhanced active surveillance and mechanistic studies on vaccine-related ocular adverse events are warranted.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/25785826.2025.2528331COVID-19inactivated vaccineVogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH)ocular adverse events
spellingShingle Zhiqiang Cui
Yan Luo
Yanli Yi
Xuli Guo
Yuqi Liu
Xiang Wang
Xiaonan Liu
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome potentially associated with COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and literature review
Immunological Medicine
COVID-19
inactivated vaccine
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH)
ocular adverse events
title Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome potentially associated with COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and literature review
title_full Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome potentially associated with COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and literature review
title_fullStr Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome potentially associated with COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and literature review
title_full_unstemmed Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome potentially associated with COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and literature review
title_short Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome potentially associated with COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and literature review
title_sort vogt koyanagi harada syndrome potentially associated with covid 19 vaccination a case report and literature review
topic COVID-19
inactivated vaccine
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH)
ocular adverse events
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/25785826.2025.2528331
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