Optimizing antibiotic duration and percutaneous nephrostomy timing in urosepsis complicated by upper ureteral stones: a retrospective study

Abstract Background Urosepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by urinary tract infections and is usually associated with urolithiasis-induced obstruction. No established guidelines exist regarding the optimal timing of antibiotic administration, appropriate duration of urinary dra...

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Main Authors: Jen-Ting Hsu, Chia-Min Lin, Shun-Fa Hung, Shiu-Dong Chung, Pai‑Yu Cheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Urology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-025-01868-7
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author Jen-Ting Hsu
Chia-Min Lin
Shun-Fa Hung
Shiu-Dong Chung
Pai‑Yu Cheng
author_facet Jen-Ting Hsu
Chia-Min Lin
Shun-Fa Hung
Shiu-Dong Chung
Pai‑Yu Cheng
author_sort Jen-Ting Hsu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Urosepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by urinary tract infections and is usually associated with urolithiasis-induced obstruction. No established guidelines exist regarding the optimal timing of antibiotic administration, appropriate duration of urinary drainage, or scheduling of definitive ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) in patients with urolithiasis-induced obstructive acute pyelonephritis (APN). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the key factors influencing the management of urosepsis secondary to upper ureteral stones, specifically focusing on the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy, risk factors for post-URSL fever, and timing of percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) drainage to improve clinical outcomes. Methods This retrospective study included 107 patients with urolithiasis-induced obstructive APN complicated by urosepsis who underwent treatment between 2013 and 2019. These patients underwent PCN drainage, followed by URSL. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, laboratory results, microbiological cultures, and stone characteristics were obtained and analyzed. Results Among the 107 patients, 34 (32%) had post-URSL fever. The afebrile group received longer antibiotic therapy (7.1 vs. 5.7 days, p = 0.022) and had shorter postoperative hospital stays (3.1 vs. 5.3 days, p = 0.015). Logistic regression analysis showed that antibiotic duration and the interval from PCN to URSL were significant predictors of fever. Diabetes mellitus was a significant risk factor for post-URSL fever in patients treated with antibiotics for more than 7 days (odds ratio = 9.07, p = 0.03). Emergent PCN insertion was associated with earlier URSL and a shorter hospital stay. Conclusions This study emphasizes the importance of determining the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy before URSL in patients with urosepsis complicated by upper ureteral stones. Post-URSL fever correlates with a shorter duration of antibiotic therapy, and emergent PCN insertion results in earlier URSL and a shorter hospital stay. Diabetes mellitus significantly predicted post-URSL fever.
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spelling doaj-art-552be8b16f8b4ab1b435fe2a86b28b492025-08-20T03:46:15ZengBMCBMC Urology1471-24902025-07-0125111210.1186/s12894-025-01868-7Optimizing antibiotic duration and percutaneous nephrostomy timing in urosepsis complicated by upper ureteral stones: a retrospective studyJen-Ting Hsu0Chia-Min Lin1Shun-Fa Hung2Shiu-Dong Chung3Pai‑Yu Cheng4Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial HospitalDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tamkang UniversityDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial HospitalDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial HospitalDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial HospitalAbstract Background Urosepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by urinary tract infections and is usually associated with urolithiasis-induced obstruction. No established guidelines exist regarding the optimal timing of antibiotic administration, appropriate duration of urinary drainage, or scheduling of definitive ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) in patients with urolithiasis-induced obstructive acute pyelonephritis (APN). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the key factors influencing the management of urosepsis secondary to upper ureteral stones, specifically focusing on the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy, risk factors for post-URSL fever, and timing of percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) drainage to improve clinical outcomes. Methods This retrospective study included 107 patients with urolithiasis-induced obstructive APN complicated by urosepsis who underwent treatment between 2013 and 2019. These patients underwent PCN drainage, followed by URSL. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, laboratory results, microbiological cultures, and stone characteristics were obtained and analyzed. Results Among the 107 patients, 34 (32%) had post-URSL fever. The afebrile group received longer antibiotic therapy (7.1 vs. 5.7 days, p = 0.022) and had shorter postoperative hospital stays (3.1 vs. 5.3 days, p = 0.015). Logistic regression analysis showed that antibiotic duration and the interval from PCN to URSL were significant predictors of fever. Diabetes mellitus was a significant risk factor for post-URSL fever in patients treated with antibiotics for more than 7 days (odds ratio = 9.07, p = 0.03). Emergent PCN insertion was associated with earlier URSL and a shorter hospital stay. Conclusions This study emphasizes the importance of determining the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy before URSL in patients with urosepsis complicated by upper ureteral stones. Post-URSL fever correlates with a shorter duration of antibiotic therapy, and emergent PCN insertion results in earlier URSL and a shorter hospital stay. Diabetes mellitus significantly predicted post-URSL fever.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-025-01868-7Antibiotic durationUrosepsisUrolithiasisUpper ureteral stoneAcute pyelonephritisPercutaneous nephrostomy
spellingShingle Jen-Ting Hsu
Chia-Min Lin
Shun-Fa Hung
Shiu-Dong Chung
Pai‑Yu Cheng
Optimizing antibiotic duration and percutaneous nephrostomy timing in urosepsis complicated by upper ureteral stones: a retrospective study
BMC Urology
Antibiotic duration
Urosepsis
Urolithiasis
Upper ureteral stone
Acute pyelonephritis
Percutaneous nephrostomy
title Optimizing antibiotic duration and percutaneous nephrostomy timing in urosepsis complicated by upper ureteral stones: a retrospective study
title_full Optimizing antibiotic duration and percutaneous nephrostomy timing in urosepsis complicated by upper ureteral stones: a retrospective study
title_fullStr Optimizing antibiotic duration and percutaneous nephrostomy timing in urosepsis complicated by upper ureteral stones: a retrospective study
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing antibiotic duration and percutaneous nephrostomy timing in urosepsis complicated by upper ureteral stones: a retrospective study
title_short Optimizing antibiotic duration and percutaneous nephrostomy timing in urosepsis complicated by upper ureteral stones: a retrospective study
title_sort optimizing antibiotic duration and percutaneous nephrostomy timing in urosepsis complicated by upper ureteral stones a retrospective study
topic Antibiotic duration
Urosepsis
Urolithiasis
Upper ureteral stone
Acute pyelonephritis
Percutaneous nephrostomy
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-025-01868-7
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