Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Ulcerative Colitis: a case–control study

Abstract Introduction Diet plays a crucial role in the activity and onset of ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to comprehensively explore the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and UC. Methods Participants completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire to obtain da...

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Main Authors: Huiyue Pan, Leilei Zhai, Min Cui, Yingying Liu, Limei Shao, Ling Liu, Ping Yao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Gastroenterology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-03869-0
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author Huiyue Pan
Leilei Zhai
Min Cui
Yingying Liu
Limei Shao
Ling Liu
Ping Yao
author_facet Huiyue Pan
Leilei Zhai
Min Cui
Yingying Liu
Limei Shao
Ling Liu
Ping Yao
author_sort Huiyue Pan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Diet plays a crucial role in the activity and onset of ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to comprehensively explore the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and UC. Methods Participants completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire to obtain data on their dietary intake. Individual DII scores were calculated to assess inflammatory potential of each participant’s diet. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between the DII and UC activity, including the active and remission phases. Results In this study, 100 controls and 106 patients with UC were enrolled, including 50 patients in remission and 56 patients with active UC. Dietary nutrient intake was generally slightly lower in patients with UC than in the controls, including energy, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, folic acid, fat, monosaturated fatty acids, and n-3 fatty acids (P < 0.05). Compared with the low pro-inflammatory potential diet, patients with higher DII had a higher correlation with UC before and after adjustment for relevant confounders. In consecutive DII, the correlation with UC increased with each 1 increase in DII. No significant correlation was observed between DII and UC activity. Conclusions Diets with a high inflammatory index are correlated with UC. Therefore, consuming a diet with a low inflammatory index may be beneficial for patients with UC.
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spelling doaj-art-5508d0d673b045d7938ca00896d006c12025-08-20T03:09:19ZengBMCBMC Gastroenterology1471-230X2025-05-012511910.1186/s12876-025-03869-0Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Ulcerative Colitis: a case–control studyHuiyue Pan0Leilei Zhai1Min Cui2Yingying Liu3Limei Shao4Ling Liu5Ping Yao6The First Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityThe First Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityThe First Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityThe First Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityAbstract Introduction Diet plays a crucial role in the activity and onset of ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to comprehensively explore the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and UC. Methods Participants completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire to obtain data on their dietary intake. Individual DII scores were calculated to assess inflammatory potential of each participant’s diet. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between the DII and UC activity, including the active and remission phases. Results In this study, 100 controls and 106 patients with UC were enrolled, including 50 patients in remission and 56 patients with active UC. Dietary nutrient intake was generally slightly lower in patients with UC than in the controls, including energy, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, folic acid, fat, monosaturated fatty acids, and n-3 fatty acids (P < 0.05). Compared with the low pro-inflammatory potential diet, patients with higher DII had a higher correlation with UC before and after adjustment for relevant confounders. In consecutive DII, the correlation with UC increased with each 1 increase in DII. No significant correlation was observed between DII and UC activity. Conclusions Diets with a high inflammatory index are correlated with UC. Therefore, consuming a diet with a low inflammatory index may be beneficial for patients with UC.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-03869-0Dietary inflammatory indexUlcerative colitisPro-inflammatory dietAnti-inflammatory dietDiet
spellingShingle Huiyue Pan
Leilei Zhai
Min Cui
Yingying Liu
Limei Shao
Ling Liu
Ping Yao
Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Ulcerative Colitis: a case–control study
BMC Gastroenterology
Dietary inflammatory index
Ulcerative colitis
Pro-inflammatory diet
Anti-inflammatory diet
Diet
title Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Ulcerative Colitis: a case–control study
title_full Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Ulcerative Colitis: a case–control study
title_fullStr Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Ulcerative Colitis: a case–control study
title_full_unstemmed Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Ulcerative Colitis: a case–control study
title_short Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Ulcerative Colitis: a case–control study
title_sort association between dietary inflammatory index and ulcerative colitis a case control study
topic Dietary inflammatory index
Ulcerative colitis
Pro-inflammatory diet
Anti-inflammatory diet
Diet
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-03869-0
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