One-Dimensional Electro-Thermal Modelling of Battery Pack Cooling System for Heavy-Duty Truck Application

The transport sector is responsible for nearly a quarter of global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions annually, underscoring the urgent need for cleaner, more sustainable alternatives such as electric vehicles (EVs). However, the electrification of heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) has been slow due to...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mateusz Maciocha, Thomas Short, Udayraj Thorat, Farhad Salek, Harvey Thompson, Meisam Babaie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Batteries
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/2/55
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850081362924535808
author Mateusz Maciocha
Thomas Short
Udayraj Thorat
Farhad Salek
Harvey Thompson
Meisam Babaie
author_facet Mateusz Maciocha
Thomas Short
Udayraj Thorat
Farhad Salek
Harvey Thompson
Meisam Babaie
author_sort Mateusz Maciocha
collection DOAJ
description The transport sector is responsible for nearly a quarter of global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions annually, underscoring the urgent need for cleaner, more sustainable alternatives such as electric vehicles (EVs). However, the electrification of heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) has been slow due to the substantial power and battery capacity required to match the large payloads and extended operational ranges. This study addresses the research gap in battery pack design for commercial HGVs by investigating the electrical and thermal behaviour of a novel battery pack configuration using an electro-thermal model based on the equivalent circuit model (ECM). Through computationally efficient 1D modelling, this study evaluates critical factors such as cycle ageing, state of charge (SoC), and their impact on the battery’s range, initially estimated at 285 km. The findings of this study suggest that optimal cooling system parameters, including a flow rate of 18 LPM (litres per minute) and actively controlling the inlet temperature within ±7.8 °C, significantly enhance thermal performance and stability. This comprehensive electro-thermal assessment and the advanced cooling strategy set this work apart from previous studies centred on smaller EV applications. The findings provide a foundation for future research into battery thermal management system (BTMS) design and optimised charging strategies, both of which are essential for accelerating the industrial deployment of electrified HGVs.
format Article
id doaj-art-54ff8b6104d64ecfa05649cd7972ae65
institution DOAJ
issn 2313-0105
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Batteries
spelling doaj-art-54ff8b6104d64ecfa05649cd7972ae652025-08-20T02:44:45ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052025-01-011125510.3390/batteries11020055One-Dimensional Electro-Thermal Modelling of Battery Pack Cooling System for Heavy-Duty Truck ApplicationMateusz Maciocha0Thomas Short1Udayraj Thorat2Farhad Salek3Harvey Thompson4Meisam Babaie5School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKAVL Powertrain UK LTD, Coventry CV4 7EZ, UKSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UKThe transport sector is responsible for nearly a quarter of global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions annually, underscoring the urgent need for cleaner, more sustainable alternatives such as electric vehicles (EVs). However, the electrification of heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) has been slow due to the substantial power and battery capacity required to match the large payloads and extended operational ranges. This study addresses the research gap in battery pack design for commercial HGVs by investigating the electrical and thermal behaviour of a novel battery pack configuration using an electro-thermal model based on the equivalent circuit model (ECM). Through computationally efficient 1D modelling, this study evaluates critical factors such as cycle ageing, state of charge (SoC), and their impact on the battery’s range, initially estimated at 285 km. The findings of this study suggest that optimal cooling system parameters, including a flow rate of 18 LPM (litres per minute) and actively controlling the inlet temperature within ±7.8 °C, significantly enhance thermal performance and stability. This comprehensive electro-thermal assessment and the advanced cooling strategy set this work apart from previous studies centred on smaller EV applications. The findings provide a foundation for future research into battery thermal management system (BTMS) design and optimised charging strategies, both of which are essential for accelerating the industrial deployment of electrified HGVs.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/2/55driving cycleelectric truckdynamic battery thermal modelBTMSequivalent circuit model
spellingShingle Mateusz Maciocha
Thomas Short
Udayraj Thorat
Farhad Salek
Harvey Thompson
Meisam Babaie
One-Dimensional Electro-Thermal Modelling of Battery Pack Cooling System for Heavy-Duty Truck Application
Batteries
driving cycle
electric truck
dynamic battery thermal model
BTMS
equivalent circuit model
title One-Dimensional Electro-Thermal Modelling of Battery Pack Cooling System for Heavy-Duty Truck Application
title_full One-Dimensional Electro-Thermal Modelling of Battery Pack Cooling System for Heavy-Duty Truck Application
title_fullStr One-Dimensional Electro-Thermal Modelling of Battery Pack Cooling System for Heavy-Duty Truck Application
title_full_unstemmed One-Dimensional Electro-Thermal Modelling of Battery Pack Cooling System for Heavy-Duty Truck Application
title_short One-Dimensional Electro-Thermal Modelling of Battery Pack Cooling System for Heavy-Duty Truck Application
title_sort one dimensional electro thermal modelling of battery pack cooling system for heavy duty truck application
topic driving cycle
electric truck
dynamic battery thermal model
BTMS
equivalent circuit model
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/2/55
work_keys_str_mv AT mateuszmaciocha onedimensionalelectrothermalmodellingofbatterypackcoolingsystemforheavydutytruckapplication
AT thomasshort onedimensionalelectrothermalmodellingofbatterypackcoolingsystemforheavydutytruckapplication
AT udayrajthorat onedimensionalelectrothermalmodellingofbatterypackcoolingsystemforheavydutytruckapplication
AT farhadsalek onedimensionalelectrothermalmodellingofbatterypackcoolingsystemforheavydutytruckapplication
AT harveythompson onedimensionalelectrothermalmodellingofbatterypackcoolingsystemforheavydutytruckapplication
AT meisambabaie onedimensionalelectrothermalmodellingofbatterypackcoolingsystemforheavydutytruckapplication