Utilizing Viral Metagenomics to Characterize Pathogenic and Commensal Viruses in Pediatric Patients with Febrile Neutropenia

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is one of the most common complications in pediatric oncology patients. It has a complex etiologic nature, which in the majority of cases remains unclear. Intervention often follows empirical treatment protocols, mainly using broad-spectrum antibiotics. To evaluate potential...

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Main Authors: Anielly Sarana da Silva, Gabriel Montenegro de Campos, Gabriela Marengone Altizani, Enéas de Carvalho, Alice Chagas Barros, Eleonora Cella, Simone Kashima, Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio, Maria Carolina Elias, Marta Giovanetti, Carlos Alberto Scrideli, Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/345
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author Anielly Sarana da Silva
Gabriel Montenegro de Campos
Gabriela Marengone Altizani
Enéas de Carvalho
Alice Chagas Barros
Eleonora Cella
Simone Kashima
Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio
Maria Carolina Elias
Marta Giovanetti
Carlos Alberto Scrideli
Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
author_facet Anielly Sarana da Silva
Gabriel Montenegro de Campos
Gabriela Marengone Altizani
Enéas de Carvalho
Alice Chagas Barros
Eleonora Cella
Simone Kashima
Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio
Maria Carolina Elias
Marta Giovanetti
Carlos Alberto Scrideli
Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
author_sort Anielly Sarana da Silva
collection DOAJ
description Febrile neutropenia (FN) is one of the most common complications in pediatric oncology patients. It has a complex etiologic nature, which in the majority of cases remains unclear. Intervention often follows empirical treatment protocols, mainly using broad-spectrum antibiotics. To evaluate potential viral etiologic agents, this study applied viral metagenomics to paired plasma and oropharyngeal samples obtained from pediatric patients with oncological diseases diagnosed with FN. Metagenomic sequencing was performed on 15 pediatric patients with oncological diseases and FN at the outpatient clinic of Pediatric Oncology at the University Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. As a control group, we included 15 pediatric patients with oncological diseases in remission or undergoing treatment. Clinically relevant viruses identified by metagenomics in FN patients predominantly included herpesviruses and viruses found in the respiratory tract, like adenoviruses. Direct molecular confirmation was performed on all of them. Anelloviruses, represented by various genera and species in all groups, were also highly prevalent. The data obtained in this study show that viruses might also have possible implications for the etiology of FN. However, due to the complex nature of this disease, more studies are necessary to evaluate their causal relationship. The results obtained in our study may serve to improve patient treatment and ensure adequate management.
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spelling doaj-art-54eb693693f4476299ac68ba0bcb08592025-08-20T01:50:07ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-02-0117334510.3390/v17030345Utilizing Viral Metagenomics to Characterize Pathogenic and Commensal Viruses in Pediatric Patients with Febrile NeutropeniaAnielly Sarana da Silva0Gabriel Montenegro de Campos1Gabriela Marengone Altizani2Enéas de Carvalho3Alice Chagas Barros4Eleonora Cella5Simone Kashima6Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio7Maria Carolina Elias8Marta Giovanetti9Carlos Alberto Scrideli10Svetoslav Nanev Slavov11Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, BrazilBlood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, BrazilDepartment of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, BrazilButantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo 05503-001, BrazilCentral Laboratory, University Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine in Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-030, BrazilBurnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USABlood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, BrazilButantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo 05503-001, BrazilButantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo 05503-001, BrazilSciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, BrazilButantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo 05503-001, BrazilFebrile neutropenia (FN) is one of the most common complications in pediatric oncology patients. It has a complex etiologic nature, which in the majority of cases remains unclear. Intervention often follows empirical treatment protocols, mainly using broad-spectrum antibiotics. To evaluate potential viral etiologic agents, this study applied viral metagenomics to paired plasma and oropharyngeal samples obtained from pediatric patients with oncological diseases diagnosed with FN. Metagenomic sequencing was performed on 15 pediatric patients with oncological diseases and FN at the outpatient clinic of Pediatric Oncology at the University Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. As a control group, we included 15 pediatric patients with oncological diseases in remission or undergoing treatment. Clinically relevant viruses identified by metagenomics in FN patients predominantly included herpesviruses and viruses found in the respiratory tract, like adenoviruses. Direct molecular confirmation was performed on all of them. Anelloviruses, represented by various genera and species in all groups, were also highly prevalent. The data obtained in this study show that viruses might also have possible implications for the etiology of FN. However, due to the complex nature of this disease, more studies are necessary to evaluate their causal relationship. The results obtained in our study may serve to improve patient treatment and ensure adequate management.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/345metagenomicsviromeherpesvirusesfebrile neutropeniaoncologypediatrics
spellingShingle Anielly Sarana da Silva
Gabriel Montenegro de Campos
Gabriela Marengone Altizani
Enéas de Carvalho
Alice Chagas Barros
Eleonora Cella
Simone Kashima
Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio
Maria Carolina Elias
Marta Giovanetti
Carlos Alberto Scrideli
Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
Utilizing Viral Metagenomics to Characterize Pathogenic and Commensal Viruses in Pediatric Patients with Febrile Neutropenia
Viruses
metagenomics
virome
herpesviruses
febrile neutropenia
oncology
pediatrics
title Utilizing Viral Metagenomics to Characterize Pathogenic and Commensal Viruses in Pediatric Patients with Febrile Neutropenia
title_full Utilizing Viral Metagenomics to Characterize Pathogenic and Commensal Viruses in Pediatric Patients with Febrile Neutropenia
title_fullStr Utilizing Viral Metagenomics to Characterize Pathogenic and Commensal Viruses in Pediatric Patients with Febrile Neutropenia
title_full_unstemmed Utilizing Viral Metagenomics to Characterize Pathogenic and Commensal Viruses in Pediatric Patients with Febrile Neutropenia
title_short Utilizing Viral Metagenomics to Characterize Pathogenic and Commensal Viruses in Pediatric Patients with Febrile Neutropenia
title_sort utilizing viral metagenomics to characterize pathogenic and commensal viruses in pediatric patients with febrile neutropenia
topic metagenomics
virome
herpesviruses
febrile neutropenia
oncology
pediatrics
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/345
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